Passage 1

Topic

美国乙醇酒精能源

Content Review

Is Ethanol the Answer?

P1 Ethanol has been lauded as being a bridge fuel solution that could reduce air pollution and increase national energy security in the US, however, because of some of the ‘hidden’ costs of ethanol production, and this focus on corn ethanol has led to a stagnated advanced bio-fuels industry, according to researchers.

P2 There is a new way to produce ethanol. First, straw will be steamed and fiber could be

Extracted. Then, fiber will be put into a bioreactor. After the bio-reaction with sugarcane, natural gas is added, sugar and large quantities of byproducts, including lignin, could be produced. Next, we put remaining sugar into distiller, and ethanol is available with byproduct distillage.

P3 For ethanol to be beneficial, it has to be effective, meaning it must require less energy to make than it produces. Calculations of the costs of producing ethanol from the most common source—corn—vary. But most experts concede it takes a significant amount of energy and money.

P4 Ethanol is used as alcohol in commonly and now is also used as transportation fuel. The largest single use of ethanol as a fuel is as a motor fuel and fuel additive. However, 1.5 gallon of ethanol could provide the same energy as 1 gallon of gasoline. Water does not mix with oil and water may contaminate pipeline.

P5 Before ethanol can become an economic alternative for fuel, there will need to be more efficient methods. Now, the efficiency is low and if America squanders all its corn, only seven percent of energy consumed around US could be manufactured. Also, the bio-fuels industry needs ways to combine integrated production technologies and reduce byproducts like carbon dioxide. If these goals are met, then ethanol could become a viable economic choice as a fuel that also reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

Questions & Answers

Questions 1-5 T/F/NG

1. Ethanol is a very sanitary resource.    T (段)

2. In America, Ethanol has been produced and utilized in abundance.   NG 

3. Natural gas is needed in every step to produce ethanol.   F (第二段，some steps)

4. A lot of byproducts are manufactured during the production of ethanol.   T (第二段)

5. Ethanol could produce more energy than gasoline in same quantity of gallon.   F (第四段)

Questions 6-10 Flow Chart (第二段)

6. fiber

7. bioreactor

8. lignin

9. distiller

10. distillage

Questions 11-13 Short Answer

11. What polluted the petroleum pipeline?

water (第四段)

12. How much energy could be produced if all corn in US were utilized for the production of ethanol?

7% of America (第五段)

13. What has effects on global warming in ethanol’s combustion products?

carbon dioxide (第五段)

Passage 2

Topic

家长参与教育

Content Review

A survey about parental involvement in education

In recent years, the focus of much research has been directed towards discovering ways to increase student performance. Advances have been made in several areas including special education, test preparation, and assessment strategies. However, one of the most effective area of increased student motivation lies not in the schools at all, but in the homes. Parental involvement continues to be the most influential factor in student achievement and motivation. Students whose parents are closely involved in their school lives and who monitor their progress have best scores in high school.

List several ways about how parents can involve in school education: engage in the school management; donate a large amount of money to the school; do a great contribution for the school building…

In Canada, there was a strict law to forbid parents to involving in their children schools education. But now, the regulation has been changed, more and more parents are encouraged to engage in the school education, since the children performance is closely related to their parents.

In America, the government, the state, and even the Congress all invest a considerable amount of capitals to school to let parents take participate in school decisions. Also, this was supported by a systemic laws issued by the government.

Comparing with the rich and high social status parents, the poor parents’ devotion to the school is very limited, because they have to do many works and thus have no energy to join the school education.

Some scholars hold the view that parental involvement on school education will have a negative impact on children study in the long-term.

From what has been discussed above, the writer thinks the influence of the cooperation between parents and school is uncertain.

Questions & Answers

Questions 14-19 T/F/NG

14. There is a decline tendency towards parental involvement in school education.   F

15. In Canada, parents’ engagement in school management have a positive influence.  T

16. American government encourage parents to involve in the school education.   T

17. The poor parents have a big devotion in school decisions.   F

18. The Canadian government will come up with a law concerning the parental involvement in school education.   NG

19. In the whole world, parents’ involvement will definitely do good to children study.   F

Questions 20-25 Matching: match the statements with the scholars

20. The people think there are more parents involve in school education in Canada.

C: Arthur

21. Parents should participate in school management.

B: 两个人名

22. Parental involvement in pre-school education is important.

A: William

23. The poor parents have little involvement in school education.

D: 三个人名

24. In America, there is a systemic law about parental involvement in school education, which made American education best.

E: Henry

25. Too much parental involvement have a negative impact on school education.

C: Arthur

Questions 26 Multiple choice

26. According to the main idea of the passage, what is the writer’s attitude towards parental involvement in school education?

B. there is little evidence show that parental involvement have great influence on school education.

Passage 3

Topic

美国人的工作时间

Content Review

Take back your time

A: In 2003, a pipeline-repairer was badly injured because he was working without wearing his gloves. Before that he has worked for 3 days with less than 5 hours of sleep each day.

B: David Wann has founded a program called “take back your time”, this is supported by many education authorities, societies and activists.

C: Report reveals that between 1973 and 2004, the time spent on work by American people increased by 200 hours each week, which makes them the most industrious people in the world.

D: Most of the people put money superior to time. They think it very natural to work overtime and have less time to relax.

E: It is suggested that the work time be reduced by half and more workers be employed.

F: A psychologist John has found that the fewer hours people work, the more well-being they will feel.

G: The program has done a series of activities, showing that people’s work time has close relationship to the environment. America has the highest carbon dioxide emission in the world. But if more people choose to work less and consume less, the footprint would be reduced to a large extent.

H: Some educationists suggest that we copy the method by Norway.

Questions & Answers

Questions 27-34段落配信息

27. the result if other specific countries copy what the Americans do   D

28. what activities have been done by the programme   G

29. whether there is relation between time and money   D

30. we can copy what other country does   H

31. what the U.S president ask its citizen to do and the reason   G

32. most people believe that the more money you earn the much happier you will be   F

33. an accident that causes the socialists’ attention about overtime   A

34. the influence of reducing work time on the environment   B

Questions 35-40 人名配理论

35. The workers pretend that they can hold the heavy workload.   A

36. Less work time and less consumption does not mean they are not loyal to its country.   C

37. The workers have alternatives and less time does not lead to unemployment.   D

38. To reduce work hours and relax more will do no harm to the economy.   B

39. They don’t think they are overloaded and enjoy their situation.   D

40. The Americans have worked overtime and lack of relax.   C

A. David Wann

B. Julia Herth

C. John de Greef

D. Tim Siccer