Passage 1

Topic

乡村小型自制交通工具

Content Review

P1 The importance of transport in removing poverty is acknowledged by most countries authorities. Various transportation modes are used in poverty lifting. The lack of the knowledge of problems facing poor rural and urban communities is serious among authorities.

P2 For transportation development, priority is given to motored vehicles, which encourages people to use more motorcycles. This is suitable in areas close to highways or motorways, while it’s a long distance to the motor way from some villages. Therefore, this way cannot meet the needs of the people in poor rural and urban communities, where lands are not flat, even in mountains.

P3 Generally, rural travels fall into two categories: on farm and off-farm. 0n-farm travel, also known as on-village travel, focuses on domestic issues, like trailing the farm implement, pesticides and fertilizer to farm land. Whereas, off-farm, or off-village travel is used to access to schools, clinics, etc. Others, like economic-related travel also belongs to such kind of travel, like access to markets.

P4 Practical Approach, founded in 1966, is a charity which connects the local communities and authorities to improve living qualities in mainly four parts of the world, South Asia, Africa...In order to promote living standards, it mainly performs campaigns in two ways: by providing ease access to markets nearby and by reducing time spent by women and children on daily tasks.

P5 Unique approach is used by Practical Approach. It does not start with technology, but it starts with people. Although it maybe sophisticated or simple, this way focuses on a different side with humanism. Practical approach also works with various Mass Transit system, as well as trail way and bicycles.

Case Study

Bicycle Ambulance Project

P6 In flat parts of Nepal, where medicine care is not easily available. People have to travel far away to get treated. And usually people have to ride a long distance to the nearest clinic or hospital. But how can a person ride on a bike while being a sick one?

P7 Practical Approach donated to this community with trailers, and help develop trailer trade, when people with diseases are sent in trailers, which eventually became “bicycle ambulance”.

P8 The two-wheel bicycle is made of bronze metal, with standard rubber-tyred wheels. The bed is padded with cushions which can make the patients more comfortable. Beside the cushions there is a seat for a family member to take care of the patient.

P9 To ease the withdrawal and control of the bicycle ambulance, even when others people do not have to come in case of limited time. A joining mechanism is used to link the two sides of a bicycle. On top of the bicycle ambulance, there is a cover that protects the patient from bad weather situations (Nepal rains a lot from April to September.)

Questions & Answers

Questions 1-4 YES/NO/NG

1. The authorities are well knowledge of the problem faced by poor rural areas.   No

(P1, the lack of knowledge of----对---的缺失)

2. The population who possess motorcycles in rural areas are increasing.   NG

(P2句：只是鼓励人们，并不知道乡村地区是否增加)

3. The on-village travel is responsible for the transport of agriculture equipment.   Yes

(P3第二句，agriculture equipment同义替换:farm implement)

4. The off-village travel is also used for trade purpose.   Yes

(P3最后一句：trade替换economic-related and market)

Questions 5-8 filling blank NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS

Practical Approach

Type: 5. charity (P4句，性质)

Approach: put people first instead of 6. technology

(P5第二句：句式转化：doesn’t start with technology, but start with ….)

Aim and ways:

by getting people to 7. markets

by reducing time on 8. daily tasks

(P4最后一句，同义词替换)

Questions 9-13 pictures and gap filling

(P8 rubber-tyred wheels同义替换tyres made of rubber，P9对整个车篷内部构造的介绍，一一对应，关键词，a seat, bed and weather)

9. rubber

10. family member

11. cushions

12. joining mechanism

13. cover

Passage 2

Topic

Intelligence

Content Review

Giftedness and intelligence

A People use a variety of methods to measure students' capability and potential when identifying gifted children.

B people argue about whether IQ test is adequate and ethic.

C Binet's IQ test based on age. The same aged Children who have lower intelligent age should go to small class and have specified teaching.

D The methodology of Binet's system. Not just reading or listening test.

E Philosophers in UK and some other countries use Binet’s test system but with other purpose. How many percent intelligence counts? 80%? or mostly inherit from parents.

F The reason that IQ test should not be the single factor to justify children’s ability and it is impossible to measure intelligence.

G Other characteristics that that related to students’ abilities should be taken into consideration.

H intelligence cannot stand for one’s achievement, like Churchill and Einstein, who may not good at maths, but have talent in other areas.

I IQ test should not be the only factor to measure one’s ability.

Questions & Answers

Questions 14-16

14. the methodology of Binet's test   D

15. the discussion of IQ test   B

16. reason that intellect test should not be the single factor   F

Questions 17-20 选择题

17. What is the purpose of the passage?

C. discuss the limitation of IQ test

18. Binet’s test system was to

A. find those who is gifted

B. find those who do not perform satisfied

(段落C，相同年龄的学生一起测试，把表现不如同年龄的学生放到小班教育)

19. What did Binet’s test based on?

A. children at the same age（段落D，关键词chronic）

B. reading skills

C. mathematics skills

20. How to testify one’s intelligence?

D. separate factors in particular circumstance (段落D)

Questions 21-26 判断题

21. Binet’s test system only used in Paris.   Not Given (段落C)

22. Binet thought intelligence was too complex to be measured.   Not Given (段落D)

23. Others use Binet’s method in army with different purposes from himself.  Yes (段落E)

24. Like other characteristics, intelligence is able to be measured.   No (段落F)

25. We should test learning ability and skills but not just intelligence.   Yes (段落G)

26. IQ test can accurately measure students’ talents.   No (段落G)

Passage 3

Topic

动物群体行为

Content Review

Patterns of nature

Collective behaviour

A A recent study led by Dr lain Couzin at Princeton University may help us explain what has been a mystery to scientists for centuries: how is it possible for fish, birds or insects within a group of tens of thousands, or even hundreds of thousands of individuals, to co-ordinate their behaviour so closely? With the aid of computer simulations and digital tracking video, the team has revealed the basic rules behind some of the extraordinary collective behaviour exhibited by the animal world.

B So remarkable is the coherence among the members of some animal groups that, in 1930s, it was suggested that organism within such groups must be capable of instantly transferring thoughts to one another. By the 1970s, it was commonly thought that flocking birds required a leader to do this. It was hypothesised that there might be as yet undetected electromagnetic fields generated. Researchers has investigated what qualifications the leader in an animal group need. At last they found maybe the system is not so complicated.

C How the ants organize in a group, they form a three-lane way during their way to hunt for food and return to the nest in order to avoid collision.

D From the three-lane of ants, this paragraph talks about the human behaviours is not so collective and organized, the lane in human world is more disorder, and it depends on the environment and population dense at an area.

E This paragraph talks about the shoals of fish, they form a torus, which is an empty circle, around which all the fish keep moving in order to avoid the predator and protect themselves.

F Leaders are important in some group, but it doesn’t mean that the bigger the group is, the more leader they need. Actually, when the group is very large, they need less leaders, because at that situation the decision is made when more individuals agree. So this is a simple system to make consensus.

G With the new development of the technology in the collective behaviour, the scientists are thinking about applying this new system in robots to make more intelligent robots.

Questions & Answers

Questions 27-33 List of headings

i A two-way traffic scheme

ii potential applications for new knowledge

iii Qualities needed to be a group leader

iv keeping going, keeping safe

v Some unproven theories

vi Deciding on which way to follow  

vii A selfish species keeping moving

viii A new technology applied in a historic issue

27. Paragraph A: viii 

28. Paragraph B: iii

29. Paragraph C: i

30. Paragraph D: iv

31. Paragraph E: vii

32. Paragraph F: vi 

33. Paragraph G: ii

Questions 34-37图标填空

34. a three-lane: used by ants

35. a central lane moved back to nest

36-37. a “torus”, which is an empty circle around a central core that the group circulate.

Questions 38-40 Y/N/NG

38. In a lane, the more front the person walked, the more slowly he walked in human world.    NOT GIVEN (第四段文章并没有提及行走速度)

39. The number of lanes in human world is determined by how many people there are in an immediate time.   YES 

(第四段文章说the number of the lanes depends on the environment and the density)

40. In a group, the larger the group is, the more leaders are needed.   NO 

(第6段中说并不是group size越大，需要的leaders越多，而是要少数服从多数即可)