在考研英语中，阅读是分值以及难度系数很高的考题，考生也要拥有大量的词汇，同时还要拥有丰富的阅读经验，尤其是外刊杂志，因为很多考研文章都来自于国外的报刊杂志，所以为了帮助大家复习，新航道好轻松考研小编给大家整理了历年考研英语外刊常考热点：垄断，一起来看看吧。

　　原文标题：

　　Focusing on Facebook and Google’s Monopoly Misses the Point专注于脸书和谷歌的垄断没有抓住问题关键

　　寡头垄断(oligopoly)：又称寡头、寡占，一种由少数卖方（寡头）主导市场的市场状态。英语中这个词来源于希腊语中“很少的卖者”。寡头垄断是同时包含垄断因素和竞争因素而更接近于完全垄断的一种市场结构。它的显著特点是少数几家厂商垄断了某一行业的市场，这些厂商的产量占全行业总产量中很高的比例，从而控制着该行业的产品供给。

　　在国外寡头和垄断往往密不可分，比如在某一个行业，只有一家经营相关业务，消费者或其他上下游产业没有别的选择余地，只能与他进行交易或者接受其商品或服务，这就叫垄断，而这几家公司就叫寡头。而二者结合就是寡头垄断。

　　本文以新事件“四大科技公司面对国会的垄断质疑”为切入口，指出当前的反垄断重点已经发生了大改变：大型科技公司的垄断威胁不是提高消费价格、压低员工工资，而是压榨供应商/广告商、吓退新入者等。

　　脉络:

　　引出话题“四大科技公司被指控垄断市场”（第 一段）--通过“树靶-反驳”指出“单个科技公司的价格垄断并非问题的关键，寡头垄断是新的关注重点”（第二段）--具体指出当前反垄断真正关注的两大问题（第三、四段）--总结评述，指出针对科技公司的反垄断调查关注点应与时俱进，并肯定国会的反垄断调查的意义（第五、六段）。

　　Part 1

　　原文

　　Ⅰ  The heads of four of the U.S.’s biggest technology companies-Alphabet, Apple, Facebook, and Amazon- appeared before Congress earlier this week to respond to criticism that they have too much market power. The hearing showed that lawmakers are beginning to understand what is and isn’t important when it comes to regulating these large businesses. And it also showed an increased focus on the most important area of antitrust policy - mergers and acquisitions and whether regulators have exercised enough vigilance.

　　Ⅱ  One typical defense against such allegations is that tech companies are not monopolies. Whether this is true depends on how markets are defined-for example, Google is overwhelmingly dominant among search engines, but has only about a third of digital ad revenues. But focusing on whether a company is a monopoly misses the point. Oligopolies, where a few big companies dominate the market, also tend to wield some degree of market power. In theory, that can allow powerful players to jack up consumer prices, underpay workers and squeeze suppliers.

　　Ⅲ  In the case of Big Tech, consumer prices and wages are generally not the issue. A bigger worry concerns suppliers. Platform companies depend on a network of third-party companies -- merchants who sell on Amazon, websites that run Google ads, app developers who sell on Apple’s App Store and so on. The platforms’ size potentially allows them to extract a lot of value from these smaller companies, demanding a larger share of their revenue or even creating and then favoring their own competing offerings. Thus, it’s a good thing that Congress focused some of its attention on the need to maintain fair relationships between platforms and suppliers.

　　Ⅳ  Another concern is the prices that online service companies charge advertisers. By some estimates, more than half of digital ad spending now goes to either Google or Facebook. Advertisers are the true paying customers for free online services for consumers. This is a reason that legislators are worried about platforms buying out the competition. Facebook CEO Zuckerberg admitted in the hearing that he purchased social-networking company Instagram in 2012 as a way to head off other young social networks. Ultimately, that could raise prices for advertisers. Those sorts of buyouts and buyout threats could also have a chilling effect on startup formation and economic dynamism because even the threat of competition from a dominant company can deter new entrants.

　　Ⅴ  So if there’s any case for antitrust action against Big Tech right now, it probably has to do with the acquisition of upstart competitors. Unlike most of the issues surrounding Big Tech which are complicated and confusing, concern over anticompetitive mergers that jack up prices is very old and very common.

　　VI  In any case, it’s a very good thing that Congress is beginning to pay more attention to the problems of industrial concentration and oligopoly in the U.S. economy. These hearings will hopefully be a jumping-off point for a broader re-examination of the value of mega-mergers and huge, dominant companies.

　　Part 2长难句语法点拨

　　The heads of four of the U.S.’s biggest technology companies-Alphabet, Apple, Facebook, and Amazon- appeared before Congress earlier this week to respond to criticism that they have too much market power.

　　本句主干为The heads of four of the U.S.’s biggest technology companies appeared before Congress earlier this week to respond to criticism ，表明主要事件：美国四大科技公司--字母控股、苹果、脸书和亚马逊--的掌 门人于本周早些时候齐聚国会，回应指责。that引导的定语从句解释指责的具体内容：“拥有太多市场权力”

　　Part 3写作结构、句型借鉴

　　本文行文结构清晰，可以借鉴它的的结构。

　　开头：（一个事件引出话题）

　　主体：

　　①该话题的常见想法/辩驳/论点

　　One typical defense against such allegations is that ……对此类指控的典型辩词是……

　　原文例句：One typical defense against such allegations is that tech companies are not monopolies. 对此类指控的典型辩词是，科技公司并非垄断企业。

　　②作者提出的想法/作者希望引起大众关注的重点。

　　But focusing on …… misses the point.但是关注……并没有抓住问题的关键。……In the case of ……，AA and BB are generally not the issue. A bigger worry concerns CC. ……就……而言，AA和BB一般并非问题所在.更大的问题是……Another concern is……另一个值得关注的问题是……

　　原文例句：But focusing on whether a company is a monopoly misses the point.In the case of Big Tech, consumer prices and wages are generally not the issue. A bigger worry concerns suppliers. Another concern is the prices that online service companies charge advertisers.但是，关注一家公司是否是垄断企业并没有抓住问题的关键。就大型科技公司而言，消费价格和员工薪酬一般并非问题所在。更大的问题关乎供应商。另一个值得关注的问题是在线服务公司对广告商的收费。

　　③再次总结问题关键所在和自己的看法

　　今天新航道好轻松考研小编整理的历年考研英语外刊常考热点：垄断就到这里了，希望大家能在题目与答案中找到解题思路。