托福阅读丨马云批评美国选民：反全球化是不对的

全球化一直是一个无法避免的问题，但是对待全球化各国人民态度却大不一样。

本期的托福阅读栏目，长沙新航道小编就今年的美国大选显露出强烈的反全球化倾向。但阿里巴巴集团创始人表示，“全球化是好的，尽管它还不够完善。”

Jack Ma hears the message American voters are sending in this election, and he doesn’t like it.

During a discussion on global trade at the United Nations on Tuesday evening, Ma argued that the increased skepticism of globalization in the West is unwarranted. “Many people say that globalization is bad and protectionism is rising,” the billionaire said. “I believe that globalization is good, but it’s not complete. Only rich countries and large companies have benefited.”

Ma argued that his company, Alibaba BABA 4.43% , is a prime example of how the Internet economy can be leveraged to break the old model of global trade. 100 years ago, Ma said, global trade was controlled by a dozen kings and emperors, and over the last 50 years, it has been dominated by sixty or so large companies. In China, he argued, Alibaba has helped millions of entrepreneurs launch businesses, and he believes he can bring this model to the rest of the globe, helping everyday people thrive with nothing but an internet account and a dedication to new venture.

Ma has proposed the creation of an Electronic World Trade Platform, or e-WTP, which would shift the focus of the debate over global trade from large multinational companies to small entrepreneurs. The goal of such a framework would be to lower the costs of trading across borders by making regulations for small exporters less burdensome, partially through the breaking down of trade barriers across countries. “We need special rules for small businesses only,” Ma argued, adding that for the developing world, entrepreneurship in the 21st century will be as vital to development as electricity was in the 20th.

There’s no doubt that China has benefited greatly from the entrepreneurship that Ma and Alibaba have unlocked, and that the United States could benefit from a similar jolt. But Ma didn’t address what exactly would change American voters’ minds about the value of free trade, and spur the political will needed to deepen trade ties.

The 2016 election has laid bare a consensus among many Americans who feel they have been shortchanged by increasing global integration, and who don’t trust their leaders to sign trade deals that will cause their standards of living to rise. Regardless of whether these feelings are valid, it’s difficult to see how global leaders will sign on to a new trade initiative when they can’t even finalize ongoing trade deals, like the Trans-Pacific Partnership, which is already being negotiated.

马云听到了美国选民在今年的大选中传递的信息。他不以为然。

不久前，马云在联合国主办的一个全球贸易讨论会上指出，西方对全球化的猜疑加重毫无道理。这位亿万富翁说：“许多人都说全球化不好，而且贸易保护主义正在抬头。我相信全球化是好的，但还不完善。受益的只有富国和大国。”

马云表示，他的公司阿里巴巴集团就生动展现了怎样通过互联网经济来打破旧的全球贸易模式。他说，100年前，全球贸易由十几个国王和皇帝控制；在过去50年里，主导全球贸易的是大约60家大公司。在中国，阿里巴巴已经帮助数以百万计的创业者建立了自己的事业。他相信自己可以把这种模式带到全球其他地区，进而帮助普通人致富。他们所需要的，只是一个互联网账号，以及对新事业的全身心投入。

马云建议创立世界贸易电子平台（e-WTP），这样做有助于把全球贸易的争论焦点从大型跨国公司转移到小企业家身上。该平台的目标是减轻法规给小型出口商带来的负担，从而降低跨境贸易成本，而途径之一就是消除跨国贸易壁垒。马云指出：“我们需要只针对小企业的特别法规。”他还说， 在21世纪，创业精神就如同20世纪的电力，将成为发展中国家经济增长的重要推动力。

毫无疑问，马云和阿里巴巴发掘的创业精神让中国受益匪浅，而且美国也有可能从类似的潮流中受益。但马云并未说明究竟该采取哪些具体措施来改变美国选民对自由贸易价值的看法，并激励深化贸易关系所需的政治意愿。

2016年大选明确体现了许多美国人的看法，其中一部分觉得全球一体化进程让自己吃了亏，另一部分则不相信领导人签署的贸易协议能提高其生活水平。无论这些观点是否合理，各国领导人都还没办法敲定贸易协议，比如正在商讨的《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(TPP)。在这种情况下，很难想象他们将签署一项新的贸易协议。

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