Section 1

Version

Topic

House Rental Information

题型：填空

Questions 1-10 Completion

1-10）

Available date: 1. 5th May

Prices and fees: Rent is 2.$1700 per month

Deposit is $1500

$15 for a 3. credit check

Amenities: 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms

          a remodeled 4. kitchen

          a 5. garage with work area

          there is no 6. Dishwasher

Utilities: The landlord will provide landscaping service, but the tenants must 7. water grass.

$15 for trashing and 8. recycling service

the tenants should pay for electricity, water and gas bill

Other: there is no central air conditioning but there is a 9.window conditioning unit

Name: Sam 10. Dressler

Section 2

Version

Topic

Gym

11-16) Choose the correct letter A, B or C

11. What to do before joining the gym?

A. know how to use every equipment

B. get a form for medical check with a doctor

C. make individual health plan with the help of instructor

12. Which type of dance class is offering currently?

A. Latin

B. modern

C. hiphop

13. What is the feature of the hot shot program tennis course?

A. special equipment for adult beginners

B. special equipment for young teenagers

C. special equipment for kids

14. What benefit can children have when exercising with parents?

A. lose weight

B. build up confidence

C. avoid injury

15. What benefit can children have from exercising?  

A. become healthy when getting older

B. Perform better in competitive sports

C. have better social relationship

16. What benefit can members have?

C. members can have cheaper price

17-20) 双选

17-18 what TWO facilities can people use in the gym at the moment?

A. small shop

B. hair dresser

C. spa centre

D. conference room

E. café

19-20 What two things are provided free this month?

A. health consultation

B. parents…

C. entry to the gym

D. swimming pool

E. family package

Section 3

Version

Topic

老师跟学生讨论他的group work研究

21-23）单选

21. Why did they choose this topic?

B. may have a number of respondents

22. What is the problem of the original design of questionnaire?

B. questions are with open-answers

23. What is the percentage of people support the GROUP DISCUSSION?

A. 60%-20%-20%

24-30）completion

group work Advantages:

24. more opportunities to have experiments

25. good for developing social interactions

26. decrease the reliance on the teachers

Disadvantages:

27. problem of unexpected noise

28. unbalanced skill improvements

29. a large group is not easily to monitor solutions

30. in a gradual way

Section 4

Version

Topic

关于伦敦的地下屋宇

31-33) completion

31. there has been a low impact on environment

32. it is energy-saving because of the alternative energy technologies

33. conservation of land resources

34. go underground, there is no traffic noise outside

35. the construction can have a long life span

36. the healthy benefit comes from the method of ****

37-40) matching

two new houses type shortened in M and H

37. saving energy C

38. zero noisy B

39. low cost B

40. durable contracture A

Passage 1

Topic

The Baobabs of Madagasgar 猴面包树

Content Review

部分：背景。面包树的生长区域、生长周期、品种以及Avene des Baobads 是的观赏地区。

第二部分：这种树具备的宗教和精神记忆。

第三部分：具体说明Avene des Baobads这个地区的环境，其实是man-made的，因为当地的clearance以及burning等行为

第四部分：面临一定的风险及其原因，比如water、cyclone;在森林地区面临风险有三个原因：farming、logging和animals。

第五部分：Jim Bondie用两种方式把这一物种记录下来：编制远航图，或用儿童书籍记

Questions & Answers 1-6

判断题

1. FALSE。All Baobabs can be found here.在原文段一共8个品种，其中6个在Baobabs，所以题目是对原文信息的否定。

2. FALSE。Can be found in most areas.但是原文提到：只是集中在个别地区。

3. NOT GIVEN。A and Grandielir is the first botanist to study… 原文说树的名字是以19世纪的这两研究人员命名的。

4. TRUE。Avene des Baobads主要是通过农业形成+++的，因为原文指出：man-made, farming and clearance 等人类行为，所以是同意替换。

5. TRUE。Baobads provide valuable products to the local people. 原文能够找到同意说明。

6. 待补充。

7-13 填空题

Marondava area:

7. water

8. cyclones。

Forest area某专家发明了装置可以利用:

9. farming

10. logging.

11. animals.

Recording:

12. maps.

13. book.

(答案仅供参考)

参考文章：

Grandidier's baobabs have massive, cylindrical, long, thick, trunks, up to three meters across, covered with smooth, reddish-grey bark. They can reach 25 to 30 m (82 to 98 ft) in height. At certain times of the year the flat-topped crowns bear bluish-green palmate leaves, dark brown floral buds or spectacular flowers with white petals. The large, dry fruits of the baobab contain kidney-shaped seeds within an edible pulp.

The long-lived Grandidier's baobab is in leaf from October to May, and flowers between May and August. The flowers, said to smell of sour watermelon, open just before or soon after dusk, and all the pollen is released during the first night. The tree is pollinated by nocturnal mammals, such as fork-marked lemurs and insects like the Hawk Moth. The lemurs move through the canopies, inserting their snouts into the white flowers and licking nectar from the petal bases, resulting in pollen being deposited in the lemurs' faces, whereas the moth is slightly more effective at pollination because it is able to fly from tree to tree with most of its body covered in pollen.

The species bears ripe fruit in November and December. Unlike the baobabs of Africa and Australia, it appears that the seeds of the tasty fruit are not dispersed by animals. Lemurs are the only living animals on Madagascar that are capable of acting as seed dispersers, yet seed dispersal by lemurs has never been documented. In the past, however, this could have been very different. There are several species that have gone extinct since human colonization of the island (1,500 to 2,000 years ago) that could very likely have been dispersers of the seeds. This includes species of primates that were thought to be similar to baboons, and the heaviest bird that ever lived, the elephant bird, which had a powerful beak that could have opened large fruit. Today, water may be the means by which the seeds are dispersed.

Lack of water can sometimes be a problem for plants in Madagascar. It appears that the baobab overcomes this by storing water within the fibrous wood of the trunk, as the tree's diameter fluctuates with rainfall.

Passage 2

Topic

The use of dietar supplements 维生素缺钙

Content Review

文章主旨

段：维生素C其实并没有什么效果，防御流感的效果和常洗手没有什么区别。scientific research shows that这句话其实非常具有误导性，因为真正的科研只有极少数人懂，还有很多研究人员可能持相反的态度

　　第二段：研究人员Mark Bollard首先指出一个研究成果可能很快又会被其他研究人员否定，这让大众很迷茫。还有，目前所谓的random trail并不具备很高的可信度，更不用说drug companies的随机调查，并没有科学依据，只是做行为分析。

　　第三段：Roy Jackson通过大量的样本说明很多营养品作用不大，但是有些营养品在有些阶段还是有效的，比如folic acid(叶酸)对于孕妇。

　　第四段：研究人员Reid对于钙片的分析，曾经的实验受众是一群特定的女性，不具代表性。原本说钙片可以增加bone density,其实效果不大，而且会对心脏有影响。

　　第五段：研究人员Mark Bollard支持以上观点。比如虽然很多人不认可，但是钙片销量确实下降了60/100

第六段：一种新型营养品Omega3不能被生产，研究者Stonehouse自己就在吃这个产品，认为有用。Mkeaf认为还是keep a good diet就好了。

Questions & Answers 14-17

段落信息配对题

14. A.

A reference to certain language can be missing

15. C.

A reference to some nutritions can be useful to a group of people

16. F.

A reference to a kind of nutrition that can't be produced

17. D。

A reference to an incorrect experiment

18-22人物名称配对题

18. Mark Bollard

19. Stonehouse

20. Roy Jackson

21. Reid

22. Mkeaf

23-26总结题空题

23. unpresensative。研究人员Reid对钙片的分析，曾经的实验受众是一群特定的女性，不具代表性

24. density。原本说钙片可以增加bone density,其实效果不大

25. heart。而且会对心脏有影响。

26. 待补充。

(答案仅供参考)

Passage 3

Topic

Business Innovations

Content Review

Company Innovation

A

In a scruffy office in midtown Manhattan, a team of 30 artificial-intelligence programmers is trying to simulate the brains of an eminent sexologist, a well-known dietician, a celebrity fitness trainer and several other experts. Umagic Systems is a young firm, setting up websites that will allow clients to consult the virtual versions of these personalities. Subscribers will feed in details about themselves and their goals; Umagic’s software will come up with the advice that the star expert would give. Although few people have lost money betting on the neuroses of the American consumer, Umagic’s prospects are hard to gauge (in ten years’ time, consulting a computer about your sex life might seem natural, or it might seem absurd). But the company and others like it are beginning to spook large American firms, because they see such half-barmy “innovative” ideas as the key to their own future success.

B

Innovation has become the buzz-word of American management. Firms have found that most of the things that can be outsourced or re-engineered have been (worryingly, by their competitors as well). The stars of American business tend today to be innovators such as Dell, Amazon and Wal-Mart, which have produced ideas or products that have changed their industries.

C

A new book by two consultants from Arthur D. Little records that, over the past 15 years, the top 20% of firms in an annual innovation poll by Fortune magazine have achieved double the shareholder returns of their peers. Much of today’s merger boom is driven by a desperate search for new ideas. So is the fortune now spent on licensing and buying others’ intellectual property. According to the Pasadena-based Patent & Licence Exchange, trading in intangible assets in the United States has risen from $15 billion in 1990 to $100 billion in 1998, with an increasing proportion of the rewards going to small firms and individuals.

D

And therein lies the terror for big companies: that innovation seems to work best outside them. Several big established “ideas factories”, including 3M, Procter & Gamble and Rubbermaid, have had dry spells recently. Gillette spent ten years and $1 billion developing its new Mach 3 razor; it took a British supermarket only a year or so to produce a reasonable imitation. “In the management of creativity, size is your enemy,” argues Peter Chernin, who runs the Fox TV and film empire for News Corporation. One person managing 20 movies is never going to be as involved as one doing five movies. He has thus tried to break down the studio into smaller units—— even at the risk of incurring higher costs.

E

It is easier for ideas to thrive outside big firms these days. In the past, if a clever scientist had an idea he wanted to commercialise, he would take it first to a big company. Now, with plenty of cheap venture capital, he is more likely to set up on his own. Umagic has already raised $5m and is about to raise $25m more. Even in capital-intensive businesses such as pharmaceuticals, entrepreneurs can conduct early-stage research, selling out to the big firms when they reach expensive, risky clinical trials.Around a third of drug firms’ total revenue now comes from licensed-in technology.

F

Some giants, including General Electric and Cisco, have been remarkably successful at snapping up and integrating scores of small companies. But many others worry about the prices they have to pay and the difficulty in hanging on to the talent that dreamed up the idea. Everybody would like to develop more ideas in-house. Procter & Gamble is now shifting its entire business focus from countries to products; one aim is to get innovations accepted across the company. Elsewhere, the search for innovation has led to a craze for“intrapreneurship”— devolving power and setting up internal ideas-factories and tracking stocks so that talented staff will not leave.

G

Some people think that such restructuring is not enough. In a new book Clayton Christensen argues that many things which established firms do well, such as looking after their current customers, can hinder the sort of innovative behaviour needed to deal with disruptive technologies. Hence the fashion for cannibalization setting up businesses that will actually fight your existing ones. Bank One, for instance, has established Wingspan, an Internet bank that competes with its real branches (see article). Jack Welch’s Internet initiative at General Electric is called “Destroyyourbusiness.com”.

H

Nobody could doubt that innovation matters. But need large firms be quite so pessimistic? A recent survey of the top 50 innovations in America, by Industry Week, a journal, suggested that ideas are as likely to come from big firms as from small ones. Another sceptical note is sounded by Amar Bhide, a colleague of Mr Christensen’s at the Harvard Business School and the author of another book on entrepreneur ship. Rather than having to reinvent themselves, big

companies, he believes, should concentrate on projects with high costs and low uncertainty, leaving those with low costs and high uncertainty to small entrepreneurs. As ideas mature and the risks and rewards become more quantifiable, big companies can adopt them.

I

At Kimberly-Clark, Mr Sanders had to discredit the view that jobs working on new products were for “those who couldn’t hack it in the real business.” He has tried to change the culture not just by preaching fuzzy concepts but also by introducing hard incentives, such as increasing the rewards for those who come up with successful new ideas and, particularly, not punishing those whose

experiments fail. The genesis of one of the firm’s current hits, Depend, a more dignified incontinence garment, lay in a previous miss, Kotex Personals, a form of disposable underwear for menstruating women.

J

Will all this creative destruction, cannibalization and culture tweaking make big firms more creative? David Post, the founder of Umagic, is sceptical: “The only successful intrapreneurs are ones who leave and become entrepreneurs.” He also recalls with glee the looks of total incomprehension when he tried to hawk his “virtual experts” idea three years ago to the idea labs of firms such as IBM—though, as he cheerfully adds, “of course, they could have been right.” Innovation— unlike, apparently, sex, parenting and fitness—is one area where a computer cannot tell you what to do.

Questions & Answers 28-33

28. F 【原文参考依据--F段末句】Elsewhere, the search for innovation has led to a craze for “intrapreneurship” -- devolving power and setting up internal ideas-factories and tracking stocks so that talented staff will not leave.

29. C　【原文参考依据--C段第四行】

So is the fortune now spent on licensing and buying others’ intellectual property.

30. G【原文参考依据--G段第四行】

Hence the fashion for cannibalisation - setting up businesses that will actually fight your existing ones. 题干的意思是“将外部公司整合起来也许会带来反效果”，原文的意思是“由于‘同类相食’，新成立的企业很可能会与现有的企业产生冲突”。

31. B　　

【原文参考依据--B段第三行】

The stars of American business tend today to be innovators such as Dell, Amazon and Wal-Mart, which have produced ideas or products that have changed their industries.

32.待提供

【原文参考依据--F段第六行】

Procter & Gamble is now shifting its entire business focus from countries to products

33. E

【原文参考依据--E段第四行】

Even in capital-intensive businesses such as pharmaceuticals, entrepreneurs can conduct early-stage research, selling out to the big firms when they reach expensive, risky clinical trials. Around a third of drug firms’ total revenue now comes from licensed-in technology. 一些资本密集的商业，如制药公司，在遇到昂贵、危险的临床试验时，可以将早期的实验成果卖给大公司来度过危机

34-37 判断

34. Not Given

【原文参考依据--A段第五行】

Umagic Systems is a young firm, setting up websites that will allow clients to consult the virtual versions of these personalities. 原文只说Umagic是一个新兴成立的年轻公司，并未表示是最成功的典范。

35. Not Given　　【原文参考依据--无】原文未出现相应内容。

36. False

【原文参考依据--E段行】

In the past, if a clever scientist had an idea he wanted to commercialise, he would take it first to a big company. 原文是说大公司，而题干则表达是小公司，意思相反。

37. True

【原文参考依据--J段第四行】

......he tried to hawk his “virtual experts” idea three years ago to the idea labs of firms such as IBM--though, as he cheerfully adds, “of course, they could have been right.” Innovation -- unlike, apparently, sex, parenting and fitness -- is one area where a computer cannot tell you what to do. 这里题干的“fail to understand”替代了原文的“cannot tell”。

38-40 选择题

38. C

【原文参考依据--C段首句】

A new book by two consultants from Arthur D. Little records that, over the past 15 years, the top 20% of firms in an annualinnovation poll by Fortune magazine have achieved double the shareholder returns of their peers. 过去15年中，《财富》杂志的年度革新民意投票中，前20%的公司与同行相比，获得了双倍的投资回报。由此可以看出，公司革新显得愈加重要。而A、B、D答案文中未提及。

39. A　　

【原文参考依据--D段倒五行】

“In the management of creativity, size is your enemy,” argues Peter Chernin......此处“creativity(创造力)”=“innovation(革新，创新)”。而B答案，原文并未指出电影产业更加需要革新;C、D答案则并未提及。

40. D

【原文参考依据--J段末句】

Innovation -- unlike, apparently, sex, parenting and fitness -- is one area where a computer cannot tell you what to do.

Task 1

Type of questions

线图

题目

The graph below shows the number of new homes built in a particular region in the UK from 2010 and the figure predicted for 2020.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Task 2

Topic

社会类话题

Type of questions

Positive or Negative

题目

People today can shop, work and communicate with others via the Internet instead of face-to-face communications. Is it a positive or negative development?