常用句型，惯用法及it用法

2012年03月22日 10:42
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一、it用作代词，代替前面提到过的人或事。如：

　　－Is the baby a boy or a girl?　　－It’s a boy. (it指上文提到的baby)
　　The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but it didn’t help.(it指上文叙述的事)
　　注意：it, that, one都可用来代替前面提到的人或事，但这三个代词之间有不同之处：
　　it用来代替前面提到的可数名词，并且it所指的是事物本身；that用来代替不可数名词，指的是前面提到的名词中的同一类事物；one则用来代替前面出现过的可数名词，并且是指这类事物中的一个。如：
　　I can’t find my pen anywhere. I must have lost it. (it指前面的pen本身)
　　Life today is much better than that in the old days. (that指代前面提到的life)
　　I can’t find my pen. I’m going to buy one. (one指前面的pen这类事物中的一个)
二、it可用来指天气、时间、距离、自然环境等。如：
　　It was very cold in Beijing in winter.（it指天气）
　　What a long way it is from Beijing to London! （it指距离）
　　It was too late and I had to leave for home.（it指时间）
　　It was quiet in the school at night.（it指自然环境）
三、it可用来指说话双方都知道的事物。如：Where does it hurt?
　　还可用来指人，特别是不知对方的性别时。如：Whose baby is it? It’s very lovely.
四、it可用来指整个句子所表达的意思。如：
　　She failed the examination and it made her parents worried.
五、it用作形式主语，代替句子后面的真正主语 ── 不定式、动名词或that从句。如：
　　It’s necessary for us to tell him all about that.
　　It is no use doing that again.
　　It is important that students should learn their lessons well.
六、it用在find，feel，think，consider，make，take等动词之后，作形式宾语，代替后面的真正的宾语──不定式、动名词或that从句。如：
　　We all think it important to learn English well.
　　We all feel it necessary that students should obey school rules.
七、掌握it在强调句型中的用法：
　　it用于强调句型“It is (was) ... that / who …”中。这个句型可以对句子中除谓语外的任何一个成分进行强调。it用于强调句型时，应注意对以下几个方面的把握：
　　1．强调时间状语时，不要将强调句型与“It is ... since / before ...”句型混淆了。强调句型有以下两个典型的特征：1）it不表示具体内容；2）被强调部分是时间或地点状语时，通常在表示时间或地点的名词前面有一个介词。而在“It is ... since / before”句型中，it表示时间。试比较：
It is five years since he left home. (it表示时间)
It was at five o’clock yesterday afternoon that he returned home from Beijing. (强调句型)
　　2．强调句型的一般疑问结构为：“Is（Was）it+被强调部分+ who/that+其它”。如：Was it in Beijing that you first met her?
　　3．强调句型的特殊疑问句形式是：“特殊疑问词+was / is+ it that+其它”。如：
　　Where was it that you saw him yesterday?
　　4．不管被强调的部分是单数还是复数，it后面只能用单数系动词is / was。如：
　　It was Mike and his sister who were praised at the meeting.
　　5．如果被强调部分是原句中的主语，则要注意that或who后面句中的谓语动词要与被强调部分在人称和数上保持一致。如：It is I who I am wrong.
八、it 用于习语中。如：make it 成功，按时到达某地；see to it that... 确保； call it a day 今天就到此为止； take it easy 慢慢来；that’s it就这样，这就对了；sb. would appreciate it if … 如果……会感激的; got it明白啦。

常用句型及惯用法

　　1. 倍数表达法：A is X times＋形容词或副词比较级 than B/A is X times as ＋形容词或副词原级 as B /A is X times the size ( height, length, width, amount ...) of B。
　　2. It + be + 一段时间+ before/since ... “过了一段时间才……”。
　　3. 表示“一……就……”：no sooner had +主语+than ... / hardlyhad+主语+when ... / scarcely+ had+主语when ... / the moment / the minute / the instant ... /directly / immediately / instantly.../as soon as ... / on doing ...。
　　4. 祈使句+ and (and then) + 陈述句／祈使句+or (or else或 otherwise)+陈述句。
　　5. 询问对方的看法“……怎么样?”
How do you like ...? / What do you think of ...? / How do you find ...？/ What is sb. (sth.) like? /How is sb. (sth.)? / What about ...? / How about ...?
　　6. so（such）... that引导的结果状语从句。
　　7. with复合结构：with +名词或代词+to do/动词-ing形式/过去分词 /形容词/副词/ 介词短语。　
　　8. 以so开头的句子So do / did / can / have ... I 我也……; So I do / can / did / have 我的确……。
　　9. 表示“有”或“存在”的there be句型：

　　There used / seem / happen / appear … to be

　　There must / might / ought to ... be

　　There stands / exists / lives ...

　　10. 感叹句型：

　　　1) How + adj. / adv. +主谓部分

　　　2) How +adj.+ a / an +可数名词单数+主谓部分= What+ a/an + adj.+可数名词单数+主谓部分

　　　3) What+ adj.+名词复数 + 主谓部分

　　　4) What+ adj. +不可数名词+ 主谓部分

　　11. if / when /unless ... + 非谓语动词、形容词、介词短语……, +主句(注：在此句型中从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，从句中省略了主语it以及be动词)。如:

We all know that, if not carefully dealt with, the situation will get worse.

(此句中if not carefully dealt with =if the situation is not carefully dealt with)

　　12. 由使役动词或感官动词构成的句型：

　　　1) make sb. / sth. do sth.或make sth. done

　　　2) have sb./sth. do / doing sth.或have sth. done

　　 3) see / watch / hear / notice / observe... sb. / sth. do / doing (done) 看到/听到/注意到/观察到某人或某物……

【经典句型展示】（注意句中的划线部分就是本句型中的关键词）
1. I have no idea whether they will be able to complete their work in time.
2. There is no doubt that our country will be more and more powerful in the future.
3. My idea is that you should discuss your problems with your parents first.
4. You can give the book to whoever is in the office.
5. Whatever he does matters little to us.
6. What I’m still not so clear is how she managed to arrive here just in time.
7. He didn’t turn up at the meeting until we called him many times.
8. No matter what you do, you should keep to the law.
9. It began to rain the moment / instant / minute I left home.
10. While I agree to this plan, I don’t think it is perfect.
11. Why are you here when you should be in school?
12. I had hardly put down the phone when it rang again.
13. She had rushed out into the rain before I could explain.
14. You can’t go to the film with me unless you have done your homework.
15. It will be two months before he comes back from foreign countries.
16. It is quite some time since we last enjoyed ourselves so much.
17. The reason why he didn’t turn up at the meeting was that he hadn’t been informed of it.
18. More than four hundred passengers got injured in the accident, most of whom
have got well.
19. That boy was caught cheating in the finals.
20. He hurried to the airport, only to find that his friends had already left.
21. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
22. There is no point in quarrelling with such an old lady.
23. A middle-aged man is lying asleep under the tree with his mouth wide open.
24. She is reported to have won several gold medals in the 29th Olympic Games. (= It is reported that she has won several gold medals in the 29th Olympic Games.)
25. I had hoped / intended / meant to see you last week, but I was too busy.
26. She seemed to be worn out. (= It seemed that she was worn out.)
27. All you need to do is (to) push the button.
28. It has rained for a whole week, making it more difficult for us to finish our work in time.
29. Only then did I realize what had happened in my office.
30. Child as he is, he knows much more than I do in computer.
31. So beautifully did she dance that all the audience stood up to clap hands.
32. No sooner had she arrived at the station than the train left.
33. Hardly had she completed her housework when the light went out.
34. She was about to leave the room when the telephone rang.
35. Come over here, and I’ll tell you something important.
36. Hurry up, or (otherwise) you’ll be late.
37. I wish I hadn’t bought such a large car for my personal use.
38. If only I had taken your advice yesterday!
39. I’d rather that I hadn’t told her the news.
40. You needn’t have sent her that sum of money by post because she is coming here tomorrow.
【高考链接】
　　从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的选项。
1. —He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
　 —When was _______?
　 —_______ was in 2000 when he was still in college. （浙江2007）
   A. that; This          B. this; It           C. it; This            D. that; It
2. He didn’t make ____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.（天津2007）
　A. this              B. that             C. it                 D. these
3．—Thank you for joining in our conversation tonight．
　 — _______ . (四川2007)
    A. It’s my duty        B. It’s all right    C. It’s my pleasure    D. It’s nice to say so
4. ＿＿＿ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. (山东2007)
     A. This              B. That           C. What               D. It
5. —There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow _____?
   —No, I’d rather buy _____ in the bookstore. （陕西2007）
A. it; one              B. one; one         C. one; it               D. it; it
6. The message is very important, so it is supposed         as soon as possible. (陕西2008)
　A. to be sent      B. to send       C. being sent       D. sending
7. Would it be ______ for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport? (山东2008)
　A. free      B. vacant  C. handy   D. convenient
8. It is often said that the joy of traveling is ______ in arriving at your destination ______ in the journey itself. (江苏2008)
　A. 不填；but    B. 不填；or  C. not; or   D. not; but
9. My English teacher’s humor was ____ make every student burst into laughter. (江西2008)
　A. so as to          B. such as to     C. such that       D. so that
10. Stand over there _____ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better. (全国卷Ⅱ2008)
　A. but              B. till             C. and             D. or
11. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real ______. (山东2008)
　A. exchange      B. bargain    C. trade     D. business
12. You have no idea how she finished the relay race ____ her foot wounded so much. (福建2008)
     A. for               B. when         C. with             D. while
13. Ten years ago the population of our village was          that of theirs. (陕西2008)
　A. as twice large as                B. twice as large as
　C. twice as much as               D. as twice much as
14. If we have illegal immigrants ________ in, many local workers will lose their jobs. (上海2008)
　A. came            B. coming       C. to come           D. having come
15. What’s the _____ of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? (福建2008)
      A. sense           B. matter        C. case               D. opinion
Key: 1-10: DCCDA    11-15 ADDBC BCBBA

                     中学英语基础知识分类总复习
                      ——it用法、常用句型及惯用法专练
　　从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的选项。
1. Will you see to ________ that the luggage is brought back?
　　 A. me           B. yourself         C. it          D. them
2. I have learned _______, no matter what happens and how bad ______ seems today, life goes on and it will be better tomorrow.
　　A. that; it       B. it; that          C. it; it       D. that; that
3. I’d appreciate _______ if you would turn the radio down.
　　A. that          B. it               C. this       D. you
4. —When do you think we can meet again?
　— Well, anytime you feel like ______.
  　 A. so            B. one             C. that       D. it
5. He was through with sports, not because he had to be but because he wanted _______ that way.
　 A. 不填          B. it               C. them      D. one
6. I reminded him time and time again to be careful in the exam; but _______ didn’t help.
　 A. which         B. it               C. I          D. what
7. I saw no more than one camera left in the shop. Will you go and buy ________?
　 A. some          B. it                C. any       D. one
8. Although we may not realize _______, when we talk with others, we make ourselves understood not just by words.
　 A. this           B. that              C. it         D. these
9. To tell you the truth , the accident and the damage ______ resulted in frightened me so much that I almost gave up driving ever since.
  　 A. that          B. it                C. 不填      D. what
10. —What kind of house would you like?
  　 —I’d like ______ with a garden in front of ______.
　A. the one; it     B. one; it           C. it；it      D. one; one
11. ______ is often said that in war the winner writes the history.
　 A. As             B. This             C. That      D. It
12. Jane owes _______ to her father that she has been able to finish her college education.
     A. that           B. much            C. it         D. 不填
13. —Do remember to take this medicine three times a day.
    — ________.
    A. Heard it        B. Made it         C. Got it    D. Take it
14.— Steven has got the first prize in the math contest.
  　 —________ is no wonder that he looks so happy today.
　 A. As          B. It               C. This        D. That
15. If we keep on polluting the environment, the white plastic rubbish will be the last thing to tell other creatures that “_________ once an earth.”
　 A. there was       B. there is         C. it is            D. it was
16. —What a pity! My new Walkman doesn’t work. ______ must be something wrong with it.
  　 — Don’t worry. Let me have a look.
　 A. It               B. There           C. That           D. This
17. ______ is no need for us Chinese to go to native countries to learn English now.
　   A. There           B. It               C. This            D. That
18. I really can’t stand ______ when people cut in before I have finished my speech.
　 A. it               B. that             C. these           D. them
19. It was _____ the manager said at the meeting ______ made all the employees unhappy.
　 A. what; that       B. that; that        C. what; what     D. that; what
20. It is the ability to do the work _____ will get you promoted not where you come from.
　　A. one             B. that              C. what            D. it
21. It was not _____ she was a few steps from me _____ I recognized she was my old school friend.
   　 A. when; that     B. until; that        C. until; when      D. when; then
22. I was disappointed with his speech. I had expected _____ to be a more exciting one.
　 A. that           B. this               C. one             D. it
23. With the social orders getting worse in that country, it will be many months ______ the tourism markets return to normal.
   　A. since          B. after              C. before           D. when
24. _____ is no use arguing with that old woman over that matter.
　   A. There          B. It                 C. We              D. This
25. To build up her health, my wife has made _____ a rule to get up at six every morning and then do some exercise.
    　A. herself         B. that               C. this             D. it
26. He got up early every morning and read English aloud so as to improve his English, but ____ didn’t help.
  　 A. which          B. it                  C. he              D. what
27. _____ this factory that you worked three years ago?
   　 A. It was          B. Was it             C. Was it in        D. Were you in
28. —______ that you are up to these days?
  　 —Nothing much. I’m just fooling around.
  　 A. What is it       B. What it is           C. What is           D. What are
29. —_____ that you came here yesterday?
  　 —By train.
  　 A. How is it        B. How was it        C. How were you   D. How are you
30. —Steven has got the first prize in the math contest.
   —_____ is no wonder that he looks so happy.
A. It             B. As                C. There           D. That
31. What I’m still not so certain is _____ the weather there will remain sunny in the next few days.
  　 A. that           B. whether        C. how          D. if
32. With so many people to help us, there is no doubt, I suppose, _____ we’ll complete our work ahead of schedule.
  　 A. whether       B. that            C. which        D. when
33. The doctor didn’t make any judgment about her illness _______ he had checked her all over.
  　 A. when         B. since            C. until         D. after
34. I’m afraid Lily was caught in the heavy rain because it began to rain ______ she left home.
  　 A. the time      B. while            C. since        D. the moment
35. _______ she has her own shortcomings and mistakes, I still admire her as my heroine.
  　 A. Since         B. While            C. As           D. When
36. She had just lain down in bed ______ she heard a loud cry for help in the street.
   　A. while         B. when            C. as           D. before
37. You won’t do your work well ______ you put all your heart into it.
　 A. if             B. after             C. when       D. unless
38. The whole family got separated in the war and it was many years ______ they got reunited again.
  　 A. when         B. since            D. that         D. before
39. The reason _______ he gave for his being late was ______ he had missed the school bus.
   　 A. that; that      B. why; why      C. why; that    D. that; why
40. The boy got punished by his father because he was caught _______ in the final exams.
  　 A. to be cheating   B. to have cheated    C. being cheated      D. cheating
41. The merciful farmer was trying to save the frozen snake by keeping it in his clothes, only _______ to death in the end.
　   A. to bite          B. to be bitten         C. biting        D. being bitten
42. I’m afraid _______ no use trying to persuade her any more. She won’t change her mind.
  　 A. it’s             B. there’s              C. it            D. there
43. There is no ______keeping so much rice in your house though food prices keep going up these days.
  　 A. matter         B. point                C. time         D. wonder
44. With no rain for three months and food supplies ________ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.
  　 A. run            B. running           C. to run          D. to be run
45. Good news keeps coming from the sports meeting and the Chinese team is reported _______ more than 50 gold medals so far.
  　 A. to win          B. winning        C. to have won       D. having won
46. Two girls are said _______ in the hillside and a team of police are trying to rescue them.
  　 A. to be trapped      B. to trap      C. being trapped      D. trapped
47. Only until yesterday ______ that you would be sent abroad to study for two months.
  　 A. did I hear      B. had I heard     C. I was told          D. I heard
48. _________ that all the audience were deeply struck by her beautiful voice.
  　 A. So beautifully did she sing           B. So beautifully she sang
  　 C. Such beautifully she sang             D. Such beautifully did she sing
49. ______ over here, and I’ll show you some pictures taken in Beijing.
   　A. To come       B. Coming        C. Come              D. Came
50. I _______ my uncle when he turned up in my room all of a sudden.
   　A. was about to call      B. was calling     C. called      D. had called
51. Hurry up, ______ you’ll miss your train to Guangzhou.
  　 A. and           B. so              C. but                D. or
52. —Did you go to the concert yesterday?
  　 —Yes, I did. But I’d rather that I ______; it was too boring.
   　A. didn’t        B. hadn’t           C. wouldn’t          D. haven’t
53. No sooner ______ at the desk than the telephone rang.
  　 A. had he sat down               B. did he sit down
C. he had sat down               D. he sat down
54. －It was careless of you to have left the house without turning off the gas.
　－My god! _________.
   　A. So were you      B. So was I         C. So did I          D. So I did
55. Americans eat ______ as they actually need every day.
　A. twice as much protein   B. twice protein as much
　 C. twice protein as much   D. protein as well as

山西李怀宇广东蒋开杰山东陈凤英王明歌
it用法、常用句型及惯用法答案：
1-10 CABDB BBCBB 11-20 DCCBA BAAAB 21-30 BDCBD BCABA 31-40 BBCDB BDDAD 41-50 BABCC AAACA 51-55 DBADA

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