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　　Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben- Shahar, realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.

　　答案：

　　大多数人都会把乐观定义为永远快乐，觉得杯子里总有半杯水。但这恰恰不是积极心理学家们所提倡的真正的快乐。哈佛大学教授Tal Ben- Shahar 说:‘健康的乐观意味着不脱离现实。” 按照Ben- Shahar的说法，现实的乐观主义者是那些不管发生什么事情都力求从中得到收获的人，而不是那些指望凡事都有结局的人。

　　Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.

　　答案：

　　Ben- Shahar运用三种方法保持乐观。当他情绪低落时一  比如说一次课没讲好  他宽容自己，承认自己是凡人。他提醒自己,不是每堂课都有获诺贝尔奖的水准;总会有一些课的效果不如别的课。第二种方法是回顾。他分析讲得不好的课,为以后汲取有用的经验和失败的教训。最后，还有视角问题,要认识到在宏大的生命长卷里，一堂课真的不算什么。

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