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2026考研英语真题精讲:2008完型精讲(三)

作者: 2026-02-27 15:01 来源:长沙编辑
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    为了让考研的同学更高效地复习考研英语,长沙新航道整理了2026考研英语真题精讲:2008完型精讲(三),考研的同学可以了解一下,希望对大家有所帮助。


    2008 完型精讲
    第三段


    ①This group generally do well in IQ test,   9   12-15 points above the   10   value of 100, and have contributed   11   to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the   12   of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,   13  .②They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. ③These facts,   14  , have previously been thought unrelated. ④The former has been   15   to social effects, such as a strong tradition of   16   education. ⑤The latter was seen as a (an)   17   of genetic isolation. ⑥Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately   18  .⑦His argument is that the unusual history of these people has   19   them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this   20   state of affairs.


    ①This group generally do well in IQ test,   9   12-15 points above the   10   value of 100, and have contributed   11   to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the   12   of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,   13  . 通常,该族群在IQ测试中都表现得很好,得分高于100平均值12—15分;并且,该族群对西方的知识文化生活做出了巨大的贡献,正如,该族群中,精英们(包括几个世界著名的科学家)的事业所证实的那样。
    【逻辑分析】段首有逻辑词,this group,所以,逻辑一致,上文并没有继续说他们的研究,所以,这段应该要具体说。


    【语言分析】
    This group generally do well in IQ test, 9   12-15 points above the   10   value of 100, and have contributed   11   to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the   12   of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,   13  .
    句子主干:This group generally do well in IQ test
    thisgroup就是上一段的:a particular people originated from central Europe
    do well in:表现很好。
    到此句子已经完了,后面的都是其他成分:
    9   12-15 points above the   10   value of 100, and have contributed   11   to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the   12   of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,   13  .
    9空结合选项,要选一个分词,做状语,这里是说IQ分数,所以,B正确。这里表示:“得分”
    9. A. attaining获得            B. scoring得分           C. reaching达到                 D. calculating计算


    9   12-15 points above the   10   value of 100, and have contributed   11   to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the   12   of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,   13  .
    10空是说,这个族群的IQ得分高于100的什么值12—15分。所以,100是人类的平均智商(其实很多人都没有这么多)。所以,C正确。


    10. A. normal正常的                  B. common普通的              C. mean平均的                        D. total总共的
    value n. 值;数值(程序猿应该很熟悉这个词)
    mean adj. ①吝啬的;小气的。②平均的;平庸的;③出身卑微的;④熟练的;出色的;vt. 意味着;n. 平均数;平均值
    and have contributed 11   to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the   12   of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,   13  .
    and后面是另外一个句子,说明是两个并列句,主语一样:
    this group have contributed   11   to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the   12   of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,   13  .
    contribute to:贡献,这个族群对西方的知识和文化生活做了什么样的贡献。答案来自于下一句:They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. 即:这个also后面是more,所以,就是他们贡献得多。所以,B正确。
    11.
    A.   unconsciously无意地
    B. disproportionately特大地
    C.   indefinitely无限期地,不确定地
    D.   unaccountably难以解释地


    disproportionate adj. 不成比例的;特大或特小的。比如:一个100斤的女生和一个300斤的男生在一起,这个就叫不成比例,对男生来说,女生是特小的,对女生来说,男生是特大的。
    intellectual adj. 智力的;n. 知识分子。
    as部分是非限定性定语从句,修饰整个句子,这个非限定性定语从句的判断略难,因为,它的主语和谓语都是空格。


    as the 12   of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,   13  .
    12空有the,说明要选一个名词,of是介词短语后置定语,即:该族群中的精英的什么。
    elite adj. 精英的;n. 精英。—— elitist n. 精英;精英分子。—— elitism n. 精英主义
    including部分是分词做状语,相当于一个非限定性定语从句,对elites做举例说明:
    including several world-renowned scientists
    renow n. 名声;名望。—— renowned adj. 著名的。—— world-renowned adj. 世界著名的。
    所以,主语是和几个世界著名的科学家有关的名词,再加上 of their elites,可知,是这个族群中精英的事业。所以,D正确。而且,科学家本身其实就是一种事业追求。
    12. A. missions使命            B. fortunes财富           C. interests兴趣                  D. careers事业
    A略有干扰,但是,精英使命不符合文意,精英本身就是出类拔萃的人,不是挑选出来的,然后给他们使命。
    This group generally do well in IQ test, 9   12-15 points above the   10   value of 100, and have contributed   11   to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the   12   of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,   13  .
    13空是非限定性定语从句的谓语,即:as the careers   13  ,包括几个世界著名的科学家,这是事实,所以,A正确。
    13. A. affirm证实              B. witness见证            C. observe观察                  D. approve批准
    A包含证实、证明的意思,BC近义。


    ②They also suffer more often thanmost people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. 他们也更容易遭受一系列基因疾病的折磨,例如:乳腺癌。
    they指这个族群(a particular people originated from central Europe)
    这里有一个more...than...的比较结构
    suffer from:受苦(因患有疾病)
    nasty adj. 可恶的;难以对付的;严重的(疾病)
    genetic adj. 基因的
    such as部分是对disease做举例
    breast cancer:乳腺癌。
    【逻辑梳理】所以,文章到这里是说,确实有一些族群比另外一些族群聪明,对人类社会的贡献也更大。但是,这些更聪明的族群,也更容易患基因疾病。


    ③These facts,   14  , have previously been thought unrelated. 但是,这些事实在此之前,被认为是无关联的。
    【逻辑分析】句首有逻辑词these facts指前两句的内容。


    【语言分析】
    These facts, 14  , have previously been thought unrelated.
    14空是被双逗号隔开的,所以,可以去掉,即:这些事实之前是被认为无关的,所以这里是说,之前的观点,即:在柯克伦和他的同事出版论文之前,被认为是无关的,所以,很明显是转折。所以,C正确。
    14. A. moreover而且           B. therefore因此          C. however然而                D. meanwhile同时


    ④The former has been   15   to social effects, such as a strong tradition of   16   education. 前者被归因于社会效应,例如;一种重视教育的坚固传统
    【逻辑分析】句首有the former(前者),这里需要知道它的指代,它指的是第一句中说的,该族群更聪明,对人类社会贡献更大这件事情,其实就是第一句的内容。只不过这句和前两句之间,插入了第三句,这一下子加深了难度。


    【语言分析】
    The former has been 15   to social effects, such as a strong tradition of   16   education.
    15空是说,这些族群更加聪明这件事,和社会效应之间的关系,社会效应做了举例,即:诸如一种怎样教育的强烈传统。所以,是说聪明和教育的关系,所以,D正确。我记得我高中老师说过:“三代人不读书,一篮子猪!”
    put down to:把...归因于
    15. A. given up B. got over            C. carried on                D. put down
    既然,聪明和教育有关,所以,就是重视。所以,D正确。
    16. A. assessing评价           B. supervising监督      C. administering管理          D. valuing重视


    ⑤The latter was seen as a (an)   17   of genetic isolation. 后者被认为是,基因隔离的结果。
    【逻辑分析】句首有逻辑词the latter(后者),指第二句的内容,即:聪明也更容易患基因疾病。


    【语言分析】
    The latter was seen as a (an) 17   of genetic isolation.
    isolate vt. 隔离;孤立。—— isolation n. 隔离;孤立
    17空是说,后者被认为是,基因隔离的什么。所以,C正确。
    17. A. development发展      B. origin起源              C. consequence结果          D. instrument工具


    ⑥Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately   18  . 柯克伦博士认为,聪明和疾病是密切联系的。
    【逻辑分析】句首有柯克伦,所以,还是要继续说他的观点。
    【语言分析】
    Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18  .
    that部分是宾语从句
    intimate adj. 亲密的;密切的。—— intimately adv. 亲密地;密切地
    所以,18空是说,聪明和疾病是密切相关的。所以,A正确。BCD都是近义词。
    18. A. linked联系                     B. integrated融合        C. woven交织                    D. combined结合


    ⑦His argument is that the unusual history of these people has   19   them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this   20   state of affairs.
    【逻辑分析】句首有his,逻辑一致。


    【语言分析】
    His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19   them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this   20   state of affairs.
    argument n. 论据,这里是他解释为什么聪明和疾病之间密切联系的论据、理由
    that部分是表语从句:the unusual history of these people has   19   them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this   20   state of affairs.
    these people指“a particular people originated from central Europe”
    unusual adj. 不同寻常的
    即:这些族群不同寻常的历史,怎样他们面对独特的进化压力,所以,B正确。
    19. A. limited限制              B. subjected迫使        C. converted转变               D. directed指导
    evolution n. 进化;演化;发展;演进。—— evolutionary adj. 发展的;进化的
    pressure n. 压力
    that部分是定语从句,修饰pressure
    that have resulted in this 20   state of affairs.
    result in:导致;造成。
    state n. 状态
    affair n. 事情
    20空最重要的是搞清楚this的指代,它指:“聪明和疾病密切相连这件事情”,一方面,这些人很聪明,对人类社会做出了巨大贡献,另一方面,他们也更容易患病。所以,这种状态是矛盾的。所以,A正确。
    20. A. paradoxical自相矛盾的   B. incompatible不兼容的    C. inevitable不可避免的     D. continuous继续的
    B表示:“非此即彼,只能存在一个”
    总结:第三段具体阐述了柯克伦的研究(paper),确实一些族群比另外一些要聪明,而且,解释了原因。并且,他认为,聪明和疾病是密切相连的,原因是他们的进化历史不同。

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