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　　一、标点符号
　　1. 含义：
　　句中的标点符号使用要规范。

　　2. 类型：
　　（1）逗号符号

　　3.  用法
　　（1）逗号与连词搭配：连词前加逗号。
　　例句1: Tom is a hard-working student, but he gives himself a break for every two hours.
　　解析：本句中连词but连接两个独立句，与逗号搭配。
　　（2）逗号与副词搭配：副词后加逗号，在句中时与双逗号搭配。
　　例句2: Tom is a student. Additionally, he studies SAT.
　　=例句3: Tom is a student. He, additionally, studies SAT.
　　解析：副词additionally与逗号搭配，连接两个独立句，但注意两句的分隔为前面的句号。而例句3中的副词也可以放在第二句主语he后面，做插入语，但还是连接前后两句，故与例句2用法相同。

　　（3）逗号与插入语搭配。
　　① 从句：从句与双逗号搭配。
　　例句4: Tom, who is a student, studies SAT.
　　解析：who引导的定语从句修饰主语Tom，与双逗号搭配。
　　② 名词短语：名词短语与双逗号搭配。
　　例句5: Tom, a handsome student, studies SAT.
　　解析：名词短语a handsome student修饰主语Tom，与双逗号搭配。
　　③ 非谓语动词：非谓语动词与双逗号搭配。
　　例句6: Tom, passing English test, studies SAT, which is a standardized test.
　　解析：非谓语动词passing English test修饰主语Tom，与双逗号搭配。

　　题目检测

　　题目检测 1
　　We lost the first game of the World Cup, although everyone played well.
　　A. NO CHANGE
　　B. World Cup; although
　　C. World Cup. Although
　　D. World Cup: although
　　解析：通过逗号和连词看出是逗号与连词搭配的考点，根据“连词前加逗号”的原则，A项逗号与连词搭配分隔主从句，而B/C/D选项的标点符号会造成不完整句的出现，所以排除B/C/D，所以选A。

　　题目检测 2
　　Peter Watson was a talented artist. He was moreover a writer of some note.
　　A. NO CHANGE
　　B. was, moreover a
　　C. was moreover, a
　　D. was ,moreover, a
　　解析：通过逗号和副词看出是逗号与副词搭配的考点，根据“副词后加逗号，在句中时与双逗号搭配”的原则，两句中的句号分隔两句，所以第二句中的moreover是副词，连接前后两句，故应该与双逗号搭配，所以排除A/B/C，所以选D。

　　题目检测 3
　　Maria Sharapova, who is one of the most talented tennis athletes won the WTA championship.
　　A. NO CHANGE
　　B. who is one of the most talented tennis athletes, won
　　C. , who is one of the most talented tennis athletes, won
　　D. , who is one of the most talented tennis athletes, won,
　　解析：通过逗号与从句看出是逗号与插入语的考点，根据“从句与双逗号搭配”的原则，who is one of the most talented tennis athletes是插入语修饰主语Maria Sharapova，所以是双逗号，故排除A/B；又根据“谓语和宾语之间不能用逗号隔开”的原则，谓语won与宾语the WTA championship之间不能用逗号分隔，所以排除D，所以选C。

　　题目检测 4
　　Compared with other countries in the past four decades, China, one of the fast growing countries in the world achieved their goals one by one.
　　A. NO CHANGE
　　B. , one of the fast growing countries in the world, achieved
　　C. one of the fast growing countries in the world, achieved
　　D. , one of the fast growing countries in the world, achieved,
　　解析：通过逗号与从句看出是逗号与插入语的考点，根据“名词短语与双逗号搭配”的原则，one of the fast growing countries in the world是插入语修饰主语China，故排除A和C；又根据“谓语和宾语之间不能用逗号隔开”的原则，谓语动词achieved与宾语their goals之间不能用逗号分隔，所以排除D，所以选B。

　　题目检测 5
　　China surpassing Japan as the second largest economy twelve years ago, will become the largest economy with a decade.
　　A. NO CHANGE
　　B. , surpassing Japan as the second largest economy twelve years ago will
　　C. , surpassing Japan as the second largest economy twelve years ago, will
　　D. , surpassing Japan as the second largest economy twelve years ago, will,
　　解析：通过逗号与从句看出是逗号与插入语的考点，根据“非谓语动词与双逗号搭配”的原则，surpassing Japan as the second largest economy twelve years ago是插入语修饰主语China，故排除A和B；又根据“非必要不分隔”的原则，助动词will与谓语动词become之间不能用逗号分隔，所以排除D，所以选C。