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　　一、标点符号
　　1.含义：
　　句中的标点符号使用要规范。

　　2.类型：
　　（1）破折号和冒号符号

　　3. 用法
　　破折号
　　（1）表示停顿并强调破折号后面内容，但不能分隔句子。
　　例句1: The students seem happy enough with the new plan, but the alumni — there was the problem.
　　解析：本句是有but引导的转折句，alumni后的破折号只表示停顿。
　　（2）双进双出：强调插入成分，往往与前面的名词内容重复
　　例句2: It will prevent corporations — large and small — from buying influence with campaign contributions.
　　解析：本句的large and small由双破折号连接，表示大小公司，与前面corporation内容重复。

　　冒号
　　（1）连接两个独立句。
　　①独立句：简单句或主从句，不能只是从句。
　　例如1: Tom is a student: he studies SAT.
　　解析：本句中冒号分隔两个简单句，第二个句子解释说明SAT。
　　例如2: Tom is a student who studies SAT: it is one of the standard tests.
　　解析：本句中由冒号分隔主从句和简单句，第二个句子解释说明SAT。

　　（2）后加短语，表示解释说明，冒号之前必须是句子。
　　例如3: Tom who studies SAT: one of the standard tests in the world. ?
　　解析：本句冒号前只有Tom和who从句，主句没有谓语动词，所以错误，改为例句4.
　　例如4: Tom is a student who studies SAT: one of the standard tests in the world.

　　题目检测

　　题目检测 1
　　Qatar has spent over 200 billion dollars on constructions of FIFA World Cup 2022 to build fantastic skyscrapers, but the Labor Union said there were labor abuse problems - unlawful detention.
　　A. NO CHANGE
　　B. ,unlawful detention
　　C. unlawful detention
　　D. ,unlawful, detention
　　解析：通过破折号看出是标点符号的考点，根据“表示停顿并强调破折号后面内容”的原则，排除B和C项；而D项中unlawful不是problems的插入语，用法错误，所以排除含有冒号的D项，所以选A。

　　题目检测2
　　Peter Watson a talented artist, makes sketches for his next painting.
　　A. NO CHANGE
　　B. ,a talented artist
　　C. -a talented artist-
　　D. a talented artist:
　　解析：通过破折号看出是标点符号的考点，根据“主谓之间不能用标点隔开”的原则，排除A/B/D项；又根据“双进双出”的原则，本句中a talented artist是Peter Watson的插入语并修饰PW这个人，所以选C。

　　题目检测3
　　China, one of the fast growing countries in the world, achieved their goals one by one because they followed their 5-year plans , this pattern is adopted by many developing countries in Africa.
　　A. NO CHANGE
　　B. , this pattern,
　　C. : this pattern
　　D. -this pattern
　　解析：通过逗号看出是标点符号的考点，主谓之间不能用标点隔开”的原则，排除A/B；又根据“破折号不能分隔句子”的原则，排除D项；而C项冒号后一句解释说明前一句的5年计划，所以选C。

　　题目检测4
　　After lost the quarter game of FIFA World Cup 2022, all players of Netherlands felt sad about their journeys on this game: a single game which is watched by over 3 billion people in the whole world.
　　A. NO CHANGE
　　B. ; a single game which is watched by over 3 billion people in the whole world
　　C. , a single game which is watched by over 3 billion people in the whole world
　　D. . A single game which is watched by over 3 billion people in the whole world
　　解析：通过冒号看出是标点符号的考点，根据“句号和分号都可以分隔两个独立句”的原则，a single game后面只有which从句，而没有主句，所以不是独立句，所以排除B和D项；又根据“逗号不能分隔独立句”的原则，排除C项；再根据“后加短语，表示解释说明，冒号之前必须是句子”的原则，a single game+which从句解释说明前面的game，而game前面是独立句，所以选A。