作文考试：好的Idea怎么找？

文/长沙新航道 彭超艺

　　说明：考作文时大家如何组织自己的观点？大家在组织观点的过程中会遇到哪些问题？什么样的思路才算得上是一个好的idea，而好的idea又是如何寻找呢？

　　英语考试中最让人头疼的大抵就是作文了，那么，多数同学在拿到作文题目的个想法是什么呢？头脑风暴？还是词句风暴？无论如何，在下笔行文之前一定要给出一个outline，为全文安排一个大概的结构和思路，否则，很有可能写到一半就思路断线，也有可能写到最后发现自己不知所云开始跑题。总而言之，写作之前还是好好为你的大作选好几个ideas，并把它们组织起来，才能在写作之际文思泉涌，行云流水。
　　以下是写作时容易出现的几大窘境：
　　Problem 1 – not enough ideas 观点不够
　　This is one of most common reasons for candidates to go wrong in the writing paper. They see a question. Try to think of ideas. Come up empty and panic. You will find part of my solution to this below. For now, I will just say that you need very few ideas to write a good essay and those ideas can be simple ideas too. Don’t buy a book on ideas for essays, instead learn this tip:
　　Tip – you need only 2 ideas to write an essay and those ideas are often found in the question
　　Problem 2 – the ideas are confused 观点混淆
　　This is also a very common mistake. There are plenty of ideas to write an essay. The problem is that the reader/examiner does not know what the main ideas are.
　　Tip – make sure you have one main idea per paragraph. This should be clear from the first sentence of the paragraph
　　Problem 3 – too many ideas 观点太多
　　Some people do have too many ideas. This is a trap for candidates aiming for a high score. In particular, if they are used to writing academic essays. However, in the test, it is probably much shorter than you are used to and there are no marks for quality and quantity of ideas.
　　Tip – select only enough ideas to write a complete essay – that means one per paragraph
　　那么，在写作中，我们该如何确定自己的观点呢？
　　Step 1 – understand the difference between ideas, reasons and examples. 区分观点、原因、例子的区别。A paragraph is one idea: supported with reasons and examples. You only need two ideas.
　　Step 2 – learning where to find ideas for essays? 试着从问题里找观点。
　　The ideas you need for an essay are nearly always found in the question. They are typically so big that you think they are too easy to be a real idea.
　　Take this example:
　　Human activities have endangered many animal and plant species. Some people think it is too late to save them, while others think humans should still take some action. Discuss both views and express your own opinions.
　　This is one of the harder questions I have seen recently, but the ideas you need are simple enough.
　　It is too late to save endangered species
　　It is not too late to save species
　　It is that easy. Those two ideas are your two main topic paras. All you need now are some reasons and examples.
　　Step 3 – finding reasons and examples – ask yourself questions. 通过问问题来确定原因和例子。Here you have different options. One trick is simply ask yourself the questions “why?” or “how?” or “when?” or “what?”.
　　Step 4 – One idea per paragraph supported by reasons and examples.一段一观点。 Meanwhile, you don’t need to include all your reasons and examples, and try to balance your paragraphs.
　　在写作中巧妙的谋篇布局，恰当的案例分析和突出的中心主旨是取得成功的关键，希望同学们在看完这篇文章之后有所收获，在写作的道路上越走越畅通！

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