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文/长沙新航道学校托福教研组
2013年12月7日独立考题
- Describe your favorite subject in childhood. Please include details and examples in your response. (中预测。此题容易指数五颗星,在新航道的托福口语课堂上老师分类分析过很多次。)
- Do you prefer to watch entertainment TV programs or educational TV programs? Why? (中预测。此题容易指数五颗星,在新航道的托福口语课堂上老师分类分析过此主题。)
此次托福考试的口语题目并无新意,均为经典旧题, 如果考生们在考前能扎实练习考试难度不大。12月15日托福考试预测如下,当然温馨提醒考生们,善于运用预测,不过份依赖预测、模板,强化自己的口语表达基本功才是能让自己口语得高分的关键。
独立话题重点
- Your friend often feels nervous when speaking in front of a large group of people. What suggestions would you give to your friend to overcome this fear?
- Do you prefer to focus on one task at a time or do sveral tasks at the same time?
- Your friend suddenly receive a large amount of money. What suggestions would you give to your friend in terms of how to spend the money?
- When do you prefer to do your assignment, in the morning or evening?
- What is your suggestions on environmental protection?
- Do you agree or disagree with following statement? College education should only be available to people who have done well in secondary school? Why?
- Describe your favorite place in the city, and explain why.
- Do you prefer to live in noisy areas with shops and transportation nearby or quiet places?
- Describe an activity you enjoy doing together with your family.
- Do you prefer to finish your homework as quickly as possible or wait until the dealine?
- Describe a job or career you admire but do not want to take.
- Do you agree or disagree: cell phone changes our lives greatly.
- Describe a character in a book, film, or poem, and explain why you like it.
- Do you prefer to spend time with family and frineds or stay alone?
- If you were to become a volunteer at the school or in the community, what kind of volunteer work would you do and why?
- Some students prefer to live alone to with their frinds when they study abroad; others prefer to live with a local family. Which way do you prefer and why?
- What food do you suggest university cafeteria should add to attract more people?
- Do you agree or disagree with the statement: Internet has played an important role in your life?
- What is your favorite outdoor place to do exercise in a nice day?
- Agree or disagree with the following statement? Students shouldn’t be allowed to use computer in class.
- In your opinion, what are some important characteristics of a good school? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why these characteristics are important.
- Agree or disagree with the following statement? College education should only be available to people who have done well in secondary school.
- If you want to choose a place to live, what kind of location would you prefer and why? 1. A place close to school or workplace. 2. A place close to your home. 3. A place close to a transportation hub (airport or bus terminal, etc.).
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is easier to teach students in primary schools than students in universities?
- Decribe a difficuly you have encountered in life and how you overcame it successfully.
- What do you think is the most important quality of a working environment: good leaders, good colleagues, or flexible time?
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Watching sports programs on television is not a good use of time.
- Childhood, teenagehood and adulthood, which do you think is the most difficult period of life for you?
- Some people like to have a break or get a job during summer vacation. Others think it is better to take a class. Which do you prefer and why?
- Do you prefer to have fast food in a fast-food restaurant, or do you prefer to have food in other kinds of places?
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: online classrooms will replace the traditional classrooms in the future.
- Agree or disagree: young children should learn to draw or paint. Include details and examples to support your answer.
- Describe a most unforgettable success in your life. Explain why it was important to you. Include reasons and examples to support your response.
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Government should spend money to encourage citizens to lead a healthy lifestyle.
- Describe your favorite room either of your own house or in other places and explain why.
- Among the following three professions, which do you think make the biggest contribution to society? Teachers, famers, doctors.
- Describe your favorite teacher. Explain why you like him or her. Include reasons and details to support your response.
- Some people prefer to make decisions quickly. Others prefer to take their time. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.
- Your friend wants to drive away the fear when speak in front of groups of people, what suggestion you would give her?
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to learn remember and learn from the past.
- Do you prefer to have fast food in a fast-food restaurant, or do you prefer to have food in other kinds of places?
- Describe the changes in your life five years from now on. Include specific examples and details in your explanation.
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Power and money is the symbol of success.
- What is your favorite outdoor place to do exercise in a nice day?
- Who do you think have larger impact on young adults: family or friends?
- What do you think your governemnt should do to improve the education system in your country?
- Some people think that students should study in the classroom. Others think students should visit museums and zoos. Which one do you prefer and why?
- Among the following three professions, which do you think make the biggest contribution to society? Teachers、farmers or doctors.
- Describe an interesting experience you have in restaurants or cafes.
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to be succesful, one has to study in university.
综合话题重点
重点1
Task 3:Reading part college directory that has all the contact information of students. Two improvement of the directory: 1. Add photos of students;2. Put the directory on the internet Listening part agree to apply the revision. 1. Because some students may have the same name, photo helps students to find the right person. 2. Some students can’t find the directory. It is easy for students to find these information if there are electronic version of the directory available online.
Task 4:Reading part
Emotion display. It means the expression of emotion depends on the society in which we are live in.
Listening part
professor uses an example of his 4 years’ old daughter. She had a birthday party last year. Prior to the party, parents told her that she should hide the negative emotion when she didn’t like the gift received. Her grandmother gave her a cute clothes as a gift. But the girl didn’t like it and felt disappointed. Before her negative emotion became too obvious, her mom said the clothes was very cute. The girl suddenly realized that she should say thank you to grandmother and she did that.
Task 5:学生困难: The girl has a problem: she can’t register for Dr. Jonson’s Asian history class because the register office has closed the class.
解决方案: Two choice: 1. Take the class in summer with the same professor. But a 3 week’s class will be more intensive. Plus, she can’t get home to visit her parents early in the summer. 2. Take the class this semester with another new professor. She is not sure whether the professor is good or not. Task 6
Archeologists use different ways to decide the places where they should dig for findings. 1.Surface feature of the land. E.g. New Zealand. It has a typical structure. High land? (记不清了)。2. Plant : certain plants grow in certain places. E.g. Banana nuts tree were planted in Central American. These trees continue reproduction. So archeologists find the place which has banana nuts tree to dig.
重点2
Task 3:一个学生钥匙拉在宿舍,他的历史课的paper也在房间,历史课还有两个小时开始,他自己提出两个方法,一个找教授谈谈,女的说也许教授能理解,但男的上次的paper也推迟交,这次又推迟,会让老师觉得他不是个责任感强的人,另外一个方法找管理员开门,时间还充裕但是得花钱。
Task 4:教育学:文章,logical consequence与inappropriate behavior之间的关系。就是说惩罚孩子要和为什么联系到一起,他才不会再犯。 教授举了个例子是教授原来在大学教小孩画画。有一个叫mary的小孩,让她画画她画到了桌子上,教授就罚她不许出去玩。结果之后那孩子还是画;后来他就叫他画桌子之后不不许用pen画画了。孩子明白了,以后就不犯了。
Task 5:阅读说学校对theatre专业的有新要求take a trip off campus,看专业的product,要花35元。女的问男的态度,男的很欢迎,说对理解有帮助,花钱也不多,花3次的钱可以看一次免费的。
Task 6:讲的是中间人。中间人有两种一种是调停,一种是仲裁。调停就是俩人有矛盾了,然后去找第三个人,大家都熟的人,中间说和一下。仲裁就是上法院,让法官裁决,不管结果如何都得听法官的。例子给的特扯,说是舍友两个人如果有矛盾了,调停就是找朋友说和,仲裁就是上法院。法官听完故事之后,裁定谁赢谁输,提出解决方法,不管你同意不同意都得听法官的。
重点3
Task3:学校newspaper post出来要求一年级新生全部住校,woman不同意,观点是:
(1)以前她一年级时候完全不存在group study的现象,而且学习环境吵得不行
(2)解决不了parking拥挤问题,反而加重。在校学生会把车停在campus
Task4
alarm cells(后面这个词不确定),就是讲动物可以发出一种signal让它的同伴意识到危险,但是有时这些alarm is deceptive。 教授举例,说科学家做了一个实验,研究一种monkey who search food together and share with each other. 当它们遇到predator(一个比较奇怪的名字),它们会怎么叫(楼主没听清楚或者是英语单词有限)让每个同伴都听到,大家就躲起来。但是有一次,科学家观察到一群monkey找到了Foods and 准备要eat 了,突然一只猴子叫了起来,其他所有的同伴都逃跑躲在树后面。过了一会他们出来后,才发现那只叫的猴子Sit alone and eat all the food.
Task5:problem:室友严重自我陶醉,挂了副巨大又巨恶心的painting,女生对房间很看重,觉得无法忍受。
Solution:
(1)认了吧习惯了就没事的了.get used to it
(2)找她聊聊,传达自己的看法. be honest
Task6:actor 在screen之前要如何让自己融入到character中去。举例讲了扮演KING的例子,说某actor扮演king之前以king的身份去思考该怎么演,场景好像是有人向他提亲娶他女儿,他怀疑对方动机不单纯。最后效果不错,不止actor融入角色,观众也很陶醉。
重点4
Task3:【学校通知】:学校打算新开一门课程,教学生如何写project和thesis,并强制学生参加。【学生对话】:男生很喜欢这个课程,原因有三:一他本身不会写thesis,他心理学的一个project修改了两次才最后通过,这个课程对他很有用二》可以看到别的学生怎么写,学习别人好的地方三》也可以看到别的学生的错误,下次再自己的project里面避免类似错误。
Task4:【reading】:autogenetic succession
【autogenic succession网络中的名称)(自发演替)】。 a change of the ecosystem brought in by the organisms themselves就是某生态环境可能因为当地植物而改变,从而变得适合另一种生物成长而取代原先的植物。(网络释义:通过群落对环境的反作用使环境条件发生变化,由于这些变化了的条件的作用形成了新的群落而引起演替)
【listening】:某地sunny and dry, 适合 pine trees,所以形成了一片松树林,松树林的落叶覆盖土壤,树林遮蔽阳光,某地就变的wet and shady,适合橡树生长,很多年后,这片树林大部分都是橡树了。
Task5:【学生问题】:一个女学生很喜欢周五的hiking trip,但是同时她还要move to a new apartment,时间冲突,【解决方法】:两种选择一:提前搬家,搬家以后不耽误参加hiking trip,二白天去hiking trip,后来之后夜里搬家,问题问你简单summarize the problem and then explain which solution you prefer and why.
Task6:讲的是中间人。中间人有两种一种是调停,一种是仲裁。调停就是俩人有矛盾了,然后去找第三个人,大家都熟的人,中间说和一下。仲裁就是上法院,让法官裁决,不管结果如何都得听法官的。例子给的特扯,说是舍友两个人如果有矛盾了,调停就是找朋友说和,仲裁就是上法院。法官听完故事之后,裁定谁赢谁输,提出解决方法,不管你同意不同意都得听法官的。
重点5
Task 3:Coffee shop on campus plan to have live music performed by students on Friday night started next month; the store manager believed that student will largely participate in both performance and attendence for the concert. The female student would like to participate playing guitar and singing. This kind of live music in this area cost a lot; compared to that, the coffee shop provids affordable live music experience.
Task4:advancing crediting:a method that teacher help children to learn social appropriate behavior。小孩对praise的不同反映,你要是事先表扬他们,再让他们做什么,他们就不太听话。你要是等做完事情后在表扬他们呢,他们就能够表现的好。Lecture:教育学的教授讲一组实验:研究人员到一个小学去,给孩子们发糖,看他们能不能keep classroom neat.次,把小朋友放一个房间里,给他们糖吃,看他们在老师不提醒的情况下有多少人把糖纸扔到地上,有多少人扔到垃圾桶里,大部分小孩子们都把糖纸扔地上DRORP ON THE GROUND,只有少数几个人扔到垃圾桶里。研究人员让老师一直表扬那些做的对的小朋友。还表扬那些表现好(behavior proper),保持环境的小朋友,说他们是干净的小孩。过了一段时间,再做这个试验,大部分小朋友就都把糖纸仍在垃圾桶里。
Task5:男的有问题了。他必须写一个4页的Paper 明早交,他发现了一本有用的书在图书馆。(看着句式多美式)然他跑出去跟朋友玩,回来晚了发现星期天图书馆没有开门借不到书。他给自己想了两个办法。 一是换另一Topic/poe 二是明天早上早点起来去图书馆借书再写,几个小时就搞定了。
Task6:freshwater eco system; 2 ways that human being cause the death of native fish; a.is by building canal, results in the coming of new fish speciies, who are predetors of native fish. b. by cutting trees, left nothing to block the sunshine, increase the water temprature, less oxegeon, death of fish.
重点6
Task 3
Reading part
college directory that has all the contact information of students. Two improvement of the directory: 1. Add photos of students;2. Put the directory on the internet
Listening part
agree to apply the revision. 1. Because some students may have the same name, photo helps students to find the right person. 2. Some students can’t find the directory.
It is easy for students to find these information if there are electronic version of the directory available online.
Task 4
Reading part
emotion display? (记不清那个术语的名字了). It means the expression of emotion depends on the society in which we are live in.
Listening part
professor uses an example of his 4 years’ old daughter. She had a birthday party last year. Prior to the party, parents told her that she should hide the negative emotion when she didn’t like the gift received. Her grandmother gave her a cute clothes as a gift. But the girl didn’t like it and felt disappointed. Before her negative emotion became too obvious, her mom said the clothes was very cute. The girl suddenly realized that she should say thank you to grandmother and she did that.
Task 5:学生困难:The girl has a problem: she can’t register for Dr. Jonson’s Asian history class because the register office has closed the class.
解决方案:Two choice: 1. Take the class in summer with the same professor. But a 3 week’s class will be more intensive. Plus, she can’t get home to visit her parents early in the summer. 2. Take the class this semester with another new professor. She is not sure whether the professor is good or not.
Task 6:Archeologists use different ways to decide the places where they should dig for findings.
1.Surface feature of the land. E.g. New Zealand. It has a typical structure. High land? (记不清了)。2. Plant : certain plants grow in certain places. E.g. Banana nuts tree were planted in Central American. These trees continue reproduction. So archeologists find the place which has banana nuts tree to dig.
重点7
Task3:政策是学校在期末期间将延长cafeteria营业时间.结果那男的竟然同意!!我是按照不同意打的草稿,杯具.还好改起来也容易.男的说好,一是因为学生都在复习没精力煮饭,又不能老是简单对付,所以有吃的买当然好.二是以前晚上想和同学小组讨论一起复习都没地方,只好去学校外面找地方,现在可以去cafeteria.
Task4:【名词解释】:一个概念,prenatal learning(胎教):begin learning before birth。 【教授举例】:教授举一关于murr-birds的例子:a mom murr-bird makes unique sound toward her eggs before they hatch。After the hatch,baby murr-birds are very close to each other and all look alike。Mother bird will fly over the babies The mom murr-bird will make the same sound she made to her baby murr-bird. Her baby murr-bird will follow her and make the same sound。Since the sound is unique,a mom murr-bird can recognize its baby , feed it and take care of it。 第四题:example of a bird called murr。it used the unique noise to identify its babies after they hatch. Because many murr birds will stay close together and look like. 妈妈就在天空飞,小MURR就回应他们妈妈的noise,妈妈就能认出他们,好feed。这个文章有讲,重要意义在于增加chance of survival
Task5:那男生的问题是他的心理课有小组讨论,他的小组的习惯是每周到一个组员家里,那个组员煮饭给大家吃,然后一起讨论.这周轮到他但是他忘了,现在已经来不及煮饭了.两个解决方案一是买餐厅的外卖带回家,但那男的又说这样贵,自己前段时间已经花了很多钱了.二是打电话给大家叫他们晚点来,自己赶快回家弄点简TPO 小站论坛与你携手共进单的东西,又怕大家等的饿,还会影响饭后的讨论.
Task6:两种不同的眼泪如何保护眼睛的,种tears是叫bezel(音译)tears 是continuously的,举了一个例子说在大街上很脏 然后这种眼泪在眨眼的时候就可以湿润眼睛 以此kill bacteria;第二种是反射性的tear 是必要时才有的occantionally,比如在海滩的时候有异物里如sand落到眼睛里,会产生这种tear把异物wash掉,以防眼睛damaged。
重点8
Task3:reading:学校打算新开一门课程,教学生如何写project和thesis,并强制学生参加 conversation:男生很喜欢这个课程,原因有三:一他本身不会写 thesis,他心理学的一个project修改了两次才最后通过,这个课程对他很有用 二》可以看到别的学生怎么写,学习别人好的地方 三》也可以看到别的学生的错误,下次再自己的project里面避免类似错误
Task4:教育学:文章,logical consequence与inappropriate behavior之间的关系。就是说惩罚孩子要和为什么联系到一起,他才不会再犯。
教授举了个例子是教授原来在大学教小孩画画。有一个叫mary的小孩,让她画画她画到了桌子上,教授就罚她不许出去玩。结果之后那孩子还是画;后来他就叫他画桌子之后不不许用pen画画了。孩子明白了,以后就不犯了。
Task5:阅读说学校对theatre专业的有新要求take a trip off campus,看专业的product,要花35元。女的问男的态度,男的很欢迎,说对理解有帮助,花钱也不多,花3次的钱可以看一次免费的。
Task6:【讲座内容】商务经济类,关于collect information for business marketing 的2 个方法,是quantity way,例子是,一个car manufacture, use 这个方法通过大量调查,发现没有孩子的客户购买量大,而有孩子的客户购买量小。第二个方法是opinion based 就是问卷调查之类的。之后该公司为了查明为什么有孩子的客户购买量小,就用该方法survey 问卷调查,发现是car 的back seat 有问题,孩子觉得不舒服。
重点9
Task3:学校有一个新的mentoring program, 是让大四的人带大一的人有两个好处,大四的人知道的比较多,还有就是大一新生可以有更多social.听力同意这个plan, 因为那人说他大一的什么都不知道,比如说schedule change还有,building location,所以有个人能告诉他这些info的话会很有帮助,另一个理由是,他大一的时候认识的人都是大一的或者住在一起的很局限,能认识更多不同年级的人的话会更好。
Task4:【课文要点】:research enviry此词有问题,大家仔细听 effect,意思是:人们一般做出选择会受到别人的影响。
【教授举例】:教授举了两个例子:有两组跑步运动员athletes:给组athletes每天都吃energy bar,不给第二组athletes吃energy bar。研究两组athletes的跑步速度是否会提高。如果组athletes中的一人是第二组athletes中的一人的朋友,第二组athletes就会知道组athletes每天吃补药,而自己所在的这一组没有给吃energy bar,但是他们不想就这么输掉,每天都很努力的练习。结果as a result,两组athletes的速度都变快了run faster。这个实验就分不清这个energy bar是否有效。
Task 5:一个女生申请向往的杂志社的summber job,是毕业想工作的地方,但是发现申请截止日不是下周而是明天中午,不知道怎么办好,杂志社距离不远,坐车1小时,女生想明天一早去,男生提醒他明天一早有生物课review,除非特别早去然后赶回来;或者叫快递。女生担心快递送不到,因为很重视这个job。
Task6:【讲课要点】:Wetland's two benefits for animals.
1). For nursery, sharks lay eggs in wetlands close to the ocean, because wetlands are shallow, there are not large predators, baby sharks can grow safely in the wetlands and survive in the ocean.
2). For rest and find food. Immigrating birds, for example, paper, during the long journey of immigration, stop the wetlands to find the food because they can find similar food like before
重点10
Task3:【学校通知】来自大学校报的通知说学校计划聘请一位知名导演director 辅导学生搞spring musical,以前都是学生做导演。
好处1、这位导演要在学校的theatre辅导学生排一部剧,学生可以学到很多。
好处2、这位知名导演可以吸引很多学生观众看剧。
Task4:教育学文章,logical consequence与inappropriate behavior之间的关系。就是说惩罚孩子要和为什么联系到一起,他才不会再犯。教授举了个例子是教授原来在大学教小孩画画。有一个叫Mary的小孩,让她画画她画到了桌子上,教授就罚她不许出去玩。结果之后那孩子还是画,后来他就叫他画桌子之后不许用pen画画了。孩子明白了,以后就不犯了。
Task5:【学生困难】:男生的物理课学不好,跟不上进度。 【解决方案】:女生给他两个方案:方案1、找个专业的家教professional tutor。但男生说找professional tutor贵,他必须打更多的工才能把辅导费挣出来。方案2、请室友roommate(是一物理专业学生)给他辅导。男生说虽然很便宜,但他室友非常忙(好象参加了个basketball team而且室友是一个double major(同时主修两个专业的学生))。等每天室友忙完自己的工作是已经是深夜了。
Task6:眼泪有保护眼睛的功效,分几种眼泪,有一种是经常产生的,可以保湿,还可以杀菌;还有一种不经常产生,眼睛进沙子了就会产生。
重点11
Task3:【学校通知】:announcement学校计划要搞library expansion:把图书馆旁边的student center改造成new library,从而increase library space。好处1、有更多的空间摆放更多书shelves、存放更多媒体materials。好处2、摆放更多桌椅,让学生有更多地方自习。 【学生态度】:男生反对。理由1、学校应该用technology手段而非扩建图书馆以节省space,比如将资料扫描成electronic copy储存到电脑里可以节省空间。理由2、同学们爱去student center自习,不爱去图书馆。学校减小学生中心只能导致学生自习空间更少。
Task4:【名词解释】:friend affiliation(群体归属)refers to the people’s desire to be a member of a certain group。广告商make advisement by using people’s affiliation有两种方法:一是利用其positive effect,通过宣扬广告产品可以增加affiliation,在朋友之间寻求认同。二是利用其negative方法,如果用别的brand产品就会失去affiliation。
【教授举例】:为一个软饮料公司策划一个ad campaign,可有两种方案:种方案:在一个happy party里,everybody都drink the same kind of新brand的soda,都很happy。The soda becomes a very important thing in this situation。第二种方案:some young people are watching a football game in a stadium,突然 one of them drink a wrong brand of soda,then all the people become quite and 用奇怪的眼神look at him,and leave him alone,even his best friend left him。Then he realized he made a big mistake to drink the wrong kind soda。这是从negative入手让观众喜欢这个牌子的soda。问教授是怎么说明reading passage中的观点的。
Task5:男生有问题,打印机坏了,哲学课的论文的最后几页褶皱了。两种方案,一个是另外打一份,弊端是浪费了经济课讨论小组,另一个方法是找教授说明情况,弊端是让教授觉得不够重视,发表自己的观点。
Task6:【讲课要点】:social cooperation among animals benefits the whole group。举了两个例子:例子1、如果一只鹿自己吃feeding alone,在吃的同时必须警惕alert狼和熊等天敌predator的攻击。吃的时候不能专心,效率低、吃得少。然而,一群deers成群in a group吃东西,比一只鹿自己吃更好。集体有所分工,一些鹿轮流take turn站岗放哨,防卫predator。另一些就能安心well进食,高效地吃more efficiently。例子2、一个蜜蜂honey bee回到蜂巢hive通过跳一种特殊的舞special dance,如0字舞和8字舞,来分享share关于它找到的食物源food source的信息information(about where the food source is和距离(location and distance))。这样,整个蜂群都会收益the whole group will benefit from the bee。
重点12
Task3:短文内容是说现在的Modern literature课越来越popular,有些大学就采取了两个方法让更多的同学enroll。方法一:把小教室换成大教室;方法二,把课时加到晚上,让更多的人来听。听力内容是一男一女,男的不同意学校的方法,理由是小教室更方便group discussion,大教室距离远了不好操作;而有的同学晚上有活动,有jobs to do,肯定没有时间来参加晚上的课时。
Task4:alarm cells(后面这个词不确定),就是讲动物可以发出一种signal让它的同伴意识到危险,但是有时这些alarm is deceptive。 教授举例,说科学家做了一个实验,研究一种monkey who search food together and share with each other. 当它们遇到predator(一个比较奇怪的名字),它们会怎么叫(楼主没听清楚或者是英语单词有限)让每个同伴都听到,大家就躲起来。但是有一次,科学家观察到一群monkey找到了Foods and 准备要eat 了,突然一只猴子叫了起来,其他所有的同伴都逃跑躲在树后面。过了一会他们出来后,才发现那只叫的猴子Sit alone and eat all the food.
Task5:是一男一女的对话,女的说她的父母weekend要来visit她,她很激动,但是她的apartment很脏乱。而她父母是晚上到,在晚上之前她有一个chemistry meeting,如果她逃掉meeting去打扫公寓,那么落下的知识很难补回来;如果她在meeting结束后rush home然后clean the house,即使没有完全clean,她的父母也会理解她。先总结听力,然后问你她的方案哪一个更好。
Task 6:是一个教授的小讲座,说monkey常年住在树上,该怎么喝水。举了两个例子,个是一种monkey(记不得名字了,屏幕上会出现),这种monkey只要吃新鲜多汁的叶子(tender leaves)就可以补充足够的水分;另一些monkey是去下雨后积水形成的小池塘里喝水;有一种spider monkey是寻找cup-shaped 的植物,利用植物作容器喝水。
重点13
Task3:【学校通知】:文章:学校要来一个节电比赛,看谁用电少,赢者奖励皮萨派对。 【学生意见】:对话:女的说这很好啊,应该节电的。还说应该贴小纸条“随手关灯”在开关旁边。男的说:不是每个人都感兴趣。女的说:就算他们对节电比赛没有兴趣,也对皮萨派对有兴趣,这样为了赢,他们就会节电了。
Task4:economy 机会主义者:植物界有这样一种人,当一块地方的植物被不知道什么原因消灭的时候,这种机会主义植物就会赶紧占领这片地方。但是当人家本来的植物长回来的时候,这个机会主义植物又竞争不过人家,只好慢慢消失, 教授的例子是:牛吃草。
Task5:【学生问题】一个女的抱怨校外租的公寓里面的室友好吵,都不能学习了。 【解决建议】男的说那你下学期租到校内来,女的说校内的公寓没有厨房。她说自己想要自己一个人租一间校外的,但是好贵,她说可以把图书馆的工作时间从15小时每周调整成20小时每周,但是又觉得这样就和朋友一起找乐子的时间就少了,总之各种纠结,
Task 6:【讲座主旨】经济学 Scarcity: 【讲座例子】例子是:服装店卖夹克衫。你和顾客说这件衣服不剩多少了,再不买就没有了,他们就会疯买。或者你和顾客说只在这个周末打五折哦,他们也会疯买。
重点14
Task3:教授讲grey squirrel 在冬天的时候为了防止别人来偷自己过冬用的nut,挖好TPO 小站论坛与你携手共进几个洞,几个洞卖nut,几个洞埋其它东西或者不卖,有个动物会把洞dig开来偷nut,但当他们发现好几个洞都没有的时候,他们就会lose interest, 久而久之give up stole.
Task4:学校要improving dormitory kitchen。那个男的说好很好,因为每次下课回来都没有的喝热茶,有了new staff, 方便好多。还有个原因是有些学生不会cook,但有些学生cook很厉害,可以教其他人。
Task 5 :姑娘要去纽约玩,can’t afford。 说自己有两个方法,个是借钱,他父母都同意了但要还,然后她说自己在哪里打工一个星期10个小时,take a while to pay back。第二个是cancel,这样她能够在假期写paper啥的
Task 6:讲解一种营销策略捆绑销售 lecture 1.可以让顾客买更多的东西 want to buy computer but end up with buy computer+ printer, even though printer is not needed. 2.可以清出积压的旧商品, 和新产品捆绑销售
重点15
Task 3:proposal: school should not allow laptop in the class (reason1: distracts other people's minds, reason2: notes can be written down with pens and papers)- disagree - 1.学生都是成年人了,记忆力的集中是要自己去克制的,并且这也是未来人生成功的必修课 2. 打字比电脑快。不让用电脑,笔记就记得没有以前那么全了
Task 4:新型能源表面上让大家用自然资源用的少了,实际上没有少很多。例子:开车,新型能源。大家觉得用的少还开的距离长,于是就老开车。这样子就算是用的少了,实际上也没有少很多。
Task 5:学生本来暑假要去杂志出版社工作的,房子都和同学合租好了,找好了。结果工作被取消了。现在面临两种选择1.回家,不过要先给同学找好另外一个分房租的合租人,但是他不忍心让同学和陌生人住在一起。2. 留在市立面,虽然不能做梦想中的杂志出版社工作了,就找个别的工作,不过要付房租的话,就要多工作一些时间。
Task 6:是讲一种工资支付方式。就是我们所说的员工计件回扣。说了这种支付方式的两个坏处1.有时候不能正确的支付员工奖励。例子,电子产品商店,顾客来了,员工1给讲了很多,回答了很多问题。顾客走了,第二天来了,直接从员工2买东西,于是奖励算给员工2。那就不公平了。坏处2.员工之间增加竞争。老员工不愿意给新员工教经验,新员工学不到东西,商店产品越卖越少。
重点16
Task3:Letter proposal: 1) convert large empty room in Maths building into small cafetaria. Student will can eat between classes 2) install recharge outlets in new cafetaria so student can recharge their labtops. Woman agree: 1) Convenient - student can eat between classes as the current student center where the cafetaria is located is far away- save more time to go to next classes in Math Building 2) Recharge outlets- students always use labtops during classes - allows students to recharge and doing homework at the same time. Plus the Math building is old.
Task 4:Diffusion effects- when information is shared between the 2 groups involved in the research, this will make the research outcome become ineffective/useless or this will defeat the original purpose/objective of the research. The professor provides example of Group A and B in an office environment; Group A is told to perform stretching exercise to improve their health condition. Group B is told to continue on their existing work/ behavior. When one member is Group A leaked/told a member in Group B that he actually feels good about stretching exercise at workplace. Group B member will follow. The results of the research is not reliable since Group B follows the same advise as Group A.
Task 5:Problem: waiting for friend who might not turn up and the guy miss his option 1; take a bus, but no direct bus to the airport. Need to change bus, plus heavy suitcase. option 2: take a cab but expensive. Even enough to pay for taxi but plan to use the money to buy things during spring break. Task 6 the type of adaption that enables animal to run fast a) special feet - a pad underneath the feet - able to run on rough surface and avoid hot sticks. Eg Cheetah b) large long legs -muscular muscle around the leg sending the body forward. also, long legs enable Cheetah to travel long distance within short time.
重点17
Task 3:一个学生写信抱怨学校的auditorium太烂了,应该1,equipment 改进。2,买online tickets. 女生同意,并说话筒不好,audience 都听不到;礼堂离教室远,排队又长,买票不方便所以支持online售票。
Task 4:讲一个商科的term, 两家公司打价格战。A公司产品(照相机)好,名气旺但是价钱贵,B公司没有名气,产品也一般,但是价格便宜。人们先对比了下,觉得B还是划算所以买B家的多了。这时候A就着急了啊,卖不出去照相机不就杂牌子了吗。因此,A也开始降价销售。最后,A卖出的照相机最多。A赢。
Task 5:男生想换宿舍,因为楼道太吵。1,换另外一栋楼去,虽然安静但是他觉得远了;2,换同一栋楼但是另外一边,不吵,但是要等两个月之后才能换。男生说他可以等。
Task 6:一种鸟到其他鸟巢里(host bird的巢里)产卵,其他鸟(host bird)有两种对策去防止这种鸟来产蛋。是改变生活习惯,不让那种鸟接近给的例子有种鸟当产蛋鸟过来时就改变行为花非常多的时间去保护他的巢,当产蛋鸟再接近时他就把鸟赶走。第二种是下特别的蛋, 有独特的大小和颜色, 下特别的蛋:有独特的大小和颜色,一眼就能和某鸟的蛋区分开,一旦发现某鸟的蛋就把它们推出巢外。
重点18
Task3:阅读材料是学校通知下学期将开设interview skill workshop,会请外面的职业人士来学校模拟interview,帮学生更好的准备以后找工作。对话里两个人都很喜欢这个program,因为1,附近的其他学校都没有开设这个program,所以他们会变得competitive;2,除了能教你skill,meeting and chatting with这些不同行业的人能够build up connections。
Task 4:Lecture,关于migrating animal’s characteristics的,一是这些migrating animal由于要做长途迁徙to reach their destination,会更focus,不会被别的东西easily disturb到,相对来说,local birds一发现food就很瞎jb乱兴奋。。。。。二是migrating animal tend to move in straight line,例子是migrating shark会用geomagnetism来定位直线移动,而local animal就倾向于乱移动来找食物
Task 5:一男生上星期回家visit parents,结果把guitar忘在家里了,但他平时要和band排练最近还准备开个concert。女生建议他回家拿,他说可以是可以,但是就是太耗时,最近都是full schedule除了busy with class还有a paper to write。第二个办法是问一朋友借,但是朋友的吉他not as nice as his,而且他也用不惯。问你的建议和理由。
Task 6:一business class介绍了fast following这个concept,which means一些公司不愿意be the first to try new products,于是如果别的公司推出了innovative的new product,他们会快速效仿。例子是一video game company颠覆传统,用感应人的动作的movement sensor代替controller,市场反应很好。于是另外一家公司马上效仿这个做法,而且还improve了他们的graphic quality,所以市场上人们都灰常like it and buy it。
重点19
Task 3:阅读讲的是有人写信给学校,要求把期末的1天的复习之类的活动延长至3天。 男生问女生:你有什么看法。女生说:不太好。,学习应该是一个持久而长期的过程,不是在最后期末时来一蹴而就的。第二:professors到期末都很忙,学生也不好make a appointment with them。
Task 4:经阅读讲植物root systems在 desert里对水的吸收情况。 lecture说,一种cerstore(拼写不确定)plant,在desert里有space far away from other plants.因为:它的root system can get access to the water to survive.第二:它的根会release chemical, 当其他植物接触到它的chemical时,会导致停止生长,所以其他植物会move away。因此它能获得大量的水源。
Task 5:有个guest speaker在学校里有个lecture,讲journal的。女生想去听,但是不行,因为::她有图书馆的part-time job。虽然boss might be easy,但是她上周才stop,所以不好这么频繁的请加。第二:她可以事后借video tape来看,但是缺点在于不能与speaker直接沟通问问题。
Task 6:商业的business strategy of second interest。两种方法:提供给买电脑的顾客free video games, 因此当顾客不清楚是否要购买电脑时,video games 可以促使他们购买。第二:提供free computer lesson。可以maintain顾客,获得及时的反馈。
重点20
Task 3 Reading: One student want to limit the printing paper in computer center 1.waste paper and 2.machine like to break down Girl doesn't agree: 1) priting paper is part of practice and doing research, because didn't know those material can be used or not, not waste. 2) Machine would break down not because of priting so much paper. It breaks down because it's old.
Task 4:confirmation bias:一个人在做了一个决定以后,接着就算有再多的信息,他也只会关注支持自己决定的信息。教授给了例子:他的朋友,要买某种车,环保省油,他自己就觉得很多人在路上开这种车。但是这种车事实上有某种严重的缺点,大家也都知道。教授拿了对这种车的缺点报导给他的朋友看,他朋友不管,就只关注正面消息,他朋友说他也知道这车的缺点,但就是对这车有好感。
Task 5:表演课要求两人表演,一个男生A的搭档要drop那门课,他的女同学B给他建议,可以自己演,可以找别人代替,女同学B就可以代演,问两个suggestion是什么,你觉得哪种好?
Task 6:farmer选择desirable feature的品种种植作物。举了例子说,wheat,原来很多成熟的时候都倒在地上,farmer选择那些不倒的继续种。peach原来果实很小,farmer选择果实大的继续种植。让举例说明什么是选择性种植。
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