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【本文为长沙新航道学校托福教研组整理的托福考试预测文件,学生可关注长沙新航道官方网站https://cs.xhd.cn/,雅思预测、托福预测栏目将及时更新;或关注新浪微博@长沙新航道,腾讯微信关注@长沙新航道。】
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——文/长沙新航道学校托福教研组
2014年4月19日独立考题
套
- Talk about an important decision you have made. (中预测。此题容易指数五颗星,在新航道的托福口语课堂上老师分类分析过很多次。)
- Do you agree or disagree with the statement that it is important for students to study music and art in school. (中预测。此题容易指数五颗星,在新航道的托福口语课堂上老师分类分析过此主题。)
这两场托福考试的口语题目内容和题型均无创新, 如果考生们在考前能扎实练习考试难度不大。2014年4月27日托福考试预测如下,当然温馨提醒考生们,善于运用预测,不过分依赖预测、模板,强化自己的口语表达基本功才是能让自己口语得高分的关键。
独立话题重点
- What time in a year you like most?
- Agree or disagree: having a relaxed or unhurried life is most important for a person.
- Describe a positive experience and the result of it.
- Do you think learning events take place in the past or present is more important?
- Describe a job or career that you admire but do not want to take7
- Some people think that students should study during weekends, but others think that they should relax and to socialize
- Describe a day you enjoy most or most special for you
- Someone prefer to have classes on the day and do part-time job in the evening while others prefer have classes in the evening and do a part-time job on the day. Which would you prefer?
- While choosing a friend, which of the following characteristics do you care about most: honesty; loyalty or sense of humor?
- Some people prefer reading newspaper or magazine to get news; others prefer watching television or listening to radio to get news. Which way do you prefer and why?
- What quality do you think is the most important to be a university student? Highly motivated, hard working, or intelligent?
- Do you agree or disagree with the university's decision to allow food during the class.
- Describe your favorite place in the city.
- When you have problems, you will ask advisor for help or search it through internet or library.
- Which technology has made the greatest impact on people's life in your country? Airplane,computer or television.
- Someone likes to collect old things, someone throw things away after they used it. what's your preference?
- Describe a good period of time in your life.
- Some people prefer to listen to live music, while others prefer to listen to recorded music, which do you prefer?
- Talk about the most important development of your country in the past 20 years.
- Some people believe that it is better for children to grow up in big cities. Others believe that it is better for children to grow up in small towns or rural areas.
- Describe a job or career that you admire but do not want to take.
- Some people think that students should study during weekends, but others think that they should relax and to socialize.
- Describe your first time to go to school when you were young, you like it or not.
- Popular celebrities, like singers, actors, athletes are good examples for the young to learn. Agree or disagree?
- If you could do one thing for your community, what will you do and why
- Some students like to regularly review their notes, others like to review their notes just before test, state your choice and explain why.
- While choosing a friend, which of the following characteristics do you care about most: honesty; loyalty or sense of humor?
- Some people prefer reading newspaper or magazine to get news; others prefer watching television or listening to radio to get news. Which way do you prefer and why?
- Describe a news or a story that you are interested in recently. And explain why you think it was interesting
- Some students prefer to take an essay question where they must write an essay to a question. Other students prefer to take a test with objective questions.
- What are the advantages of studying abroad?
- Which do you prefer: experienced teachers or new teachers?
- Describe a time when you tried to do something that you had never done before.
- Some students like to regularly review their notes, others like to review their notes just before test, state your choice and explain why.
- Talk about the most important decision you have ever made in your life.
- Some people prefer to do one job or project at one time. Others prefer to do several jobs or projects at the same time. Which do you prefer?
- Do you agree or disagree: the way people dress expresses their personality.
- What food do you suggest the university cafeteria should add to its menu to attract more people?
- Do you prefer electronic books or paper books?
- Describe a serious problem that is facing your country.
- Should people be courage to visit science, art and history museums?
- Which place to live: close to your school or workplace, close to your parents’ home, or close to a transportation hub?
- Some people think that the best way to learn is attending lectures. Others think that it is better to learn by themselves. Which do you prefer?
- What are some important characteristics of a good school?
- Do you prefer to take classes with a large amount of students or smaller classes? Why?
- What are some benefits of chatting with older family members?
- When things at home such as furniture are broken, do you prefer to have them repaired in a shop or fixed them by yourself?
- Describe a most unforgettable success in your life. Explain why it was important to you. Include reasons and examples to support your response.
- Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: government should spend money on encouraging citizens to lead a healthy lifestyle?
- Do your prefer to focus on one thing at a time or work on several projects at the same time?
综合话题重点
重点1
Task 3
reading:学校打算新开一门课程,教学生如何写 project 和 thesis,并强制学生参加
conversation:男生很喜欢这个课程,原因有三:一他本身不会写 thesis,他心理学的一个 project 修改了两次才最后通过,这个课程对他很有用 二》可以看到别的学生怎么写,学习别人好的地方 三》也可以看到别的学生的错误,下次再自己的 project 里面避免类似错误
Task 4
【名词解释】:一个概念,prenatal learning(胎教):begin learning before birth。
【教授举例】:教授举一关于 murre -birds 的例子:a mom murr-bird makes unique sound toward her eggs before they hatch。After the hatch,baby murr-birds are very close to each other and all look alike。Mother bird will fly over the babies the mom murre-bird will make the same sound she made to her baby murr-bird. Her baby murr-bird will follow her and make the same sound。Since the sound is unique,a mom murr-bird can recognize its baby , feed it and take care of it。
Task 5
女生急着从图书馆赶到校园另一端的教室,十分钟后有oral presentation,但是外面 在下雨,他没有雨伞。男生给他两个选择 1)借男生的雨伞,但是伞在楼上,一来一会可能会迟到 2)直接跑过去,会准时到,但是在做presentation时全身都是湿的,会很不礼貌。
Task 6
两种不同的眼泪如何保护眼睛的,种 tears 是叫 bezel(音译)tears 是continuously 的,举了一个例子说在大街上很脏 然后这种眼泪在眨眼的时候就可以湿润眼睛 以此 kill bacteria;第二种是反射性的 tear 是必要时才有的occasionally,比如在海滩的时候有异物里如 sand 落到眼睛里,会产生这种 tear把异物 wash 掉,以防眼睛 damaged
重点2
Task3
关于学校stop serving junk food in dining hall,男生不同意。一:这是没有必要的。学生已经很健康了,学习完以后吃点零食是挺好的,尤其是finishing paper以后,女生说对啊,比如icecream什么的。二:就算我们不在学校买也会到校外的store去买,而且更贵,根本就不省钱
Task4
alarm cells(后面这个词不确定),就是讲动物可以发出一种signal让它的同伴意识到危险,但是有时这些alarm is deceptive。 教授举例,说科学家做了一个实验,研究一种monkey who search food together and share with each other. 当它们遇到predator(一个比较奇怪的名字),它们会怎么叫(楼主没听清楚或者是英语单词有限)让每个同伴都听到,大家就躲起来。但是有一次,科学家观察到一群monkey找到了Foods and 准备要eat 了,突然一只猴子叫了起来,其他所有的同伴都逃跑躲在树后面。过了一会他们出来后,才发现那只叫的猴子Sit alone and eat all the food.
Task5
男的有问题了。他必须写一个4页的Paper 明早交,他发现了一本有用的书在图书馆。(看着句式多美式)然他跑出去跟朋友玩,回来晚了发现星期天图书馆没有开门借不到书。他给自己想了两个办法。 一是换另一Topic/poe 二是明天早上早点起来去图书馆借书再写,几个小时就搞定了。
Task 6
讲Marketing有关的,说services是现代营销的一个重要的东西,然后讲怎么让消费者相信他们的Service是好的呢?教授举例她的一个朋友,是一个Painter 专门刷House的。但是很少人知道她,因为她以前不做这个。然后她的朋友就让一些消费者写有关于她的作品的评论,吸引了很多人过来。另外一种策略是,她的朋友把以前做过的Work拍照 take photograph,一些Potential customers也对她的工作产生了兴趣。
重点3
Task3
Coffee shop on campus plan to have live music performed by students on Friday night started next month; the store manager believed that student will largely participate in both performance and attendence for the concert. The female student would like to participate playing guitar and singing. This kind of live music in this area cost a lot; compared to that, the coffee shop provids affordable live music experience.
Task4
讲植物的防御的两个process。 professor举得例子一种树~砍掉它的branch~会分泌chemical 然后第二部这个chemical也会作为信号让别的植物(还是植物的其他部分)也知道受到危险然后一起分泌化学物质……类似
Task5
女的在小学当志愿者,和她的小学生们约好周末去野餐。但周末天气不好。所以有两个选择1)改计划,但很麻烦,因为家长也要去。2)改地点,去餐厅吃。但在室内吃饭没有在外面有趣。
Task6
商品的价格对供求关系的影响,两个例子一个是soft drink, 降价了于是卖的好啦。因为消费者会觉得便宜了呢。然后computer降价了反而卖得不好,因为消费者觉得便宜没好货。
重点4
Task3
有人写信提议学校的体育馆早上只对篮球队开放,要不人太多篮球队等的蛋疼。而且体育馆可以晚上多开点时间给那些普通同学。
女生说这个提议太弱了因为好多同学晚上木时间,人家有打工还有其他活动啊。还有早上篮球队等太久是因为有人总霸占器械太久,应该搞个time limit制度。
Task4
一种environment disturbance 是一种因自然原因或人为活动对植物生长的干扰。叫兽举了个栗子, 一块地有一种blue grass 长得太多太密集了把阳光都挡住了, 其他植物无法在此生存。 然后放牛的人来了,牛把这些草啃掉好多,这样有空间又有阳光, 小野花也能在这长了,不仅仅是blue grass一种。
Task 5
一个男仔对一个妹子说今晚是学校演出最后一晚了你不去咩? 妹子说票搞得到但是今晚她应该在实验室shelve books 干几个小时肿么办? 1. 她可以第二天早上早起去图书馆把昨晚活干了。但是要6点起,参加演出和派对太累了。 2. 她可以拜托其他人替她把工作做了,只要罩得住别让她因为缺席而扣工资。
Task 6
教授说有好多市场营销策略。一种是让product tested, 就是让商品在严酷环境下使用让消费者觉得这东西质量太赞了。 例子是把手提箱在雨里淋着,之后外面全湿了,打开一看里面的东西都是干的,太神奇了! 还有一种是before and after demonstration, 就是有个problem解决不了用了产品就解决了哟。 例子是一个小正太的t shirt 脏得不行了,什么吃的泥点子全有,用了soap 洗了以后,跟新的一样哟。
重点5
Task 3
政策是学校在期末期间将延长cafeteria营业时间.结果那男的竟然同意!!我是按照不同意打的草稿,杯具.还好改起来也容易.男的说好,一是因为学生都在复习没精力煮饭,又不能老是简单对付,所以有吃的买当然好.二是以前晚上想和同学小组讨论一起复习都没地方,只好去学校外面找地方,现在可以去cafeteria.
Task4
动物为生存,会有什么allocation。容易找到食物的话,动物就花少的精力和时间;不容易就花大量
教授说,seal。他们很容易找到食物,因为海里有很多鱼。他们不用花太多时间和精力找吃的。但是他们要花很多精力和时间来找location。一是吸引异性,繁殖,二是要占领一个领域,赶走其他的seal。三是要保护他领地的其他male seal
Task 5
那男生的问题是他的心理课有小组讨论,他的小组的习惯是每周到一个组员家里,那个组员煮饭给大家吃,然后一起讨论.这周轮到他但是他忘了,现在已经来不及煮饭了.两个解决方案一是买餐厅的外卖带回家,但那男的又说这样贵,自己前段时间已经花了很多钱了.二是打电话给大家叫他们晚点来,自己赶快回家弄点简单的东西,又怕大家等的饿,还会影响饭后的讨论.
Task 6
是生物的mimicry,说很多昆虫都有,mimicry能保护昆虫.例子一是一种苍蝇本身没有任何可以保护自己的武器,但是它的外表看上去很厉害,so the predator think it is dangerous.就不会吃它.例子二是一种蛾,it looks like the predator,所以predator看到它以为是同类也不会吃它.
重点6
Task 3
【学校通知】:校报登了封信,说要对学校大礼堂(auditorium)整修,首先要改进音响系统,然
后引入online tickets system
【学生意见】:听力里女生同意。学校礼堂音响系统确实非常烂,她有时候自己组织读诗
会,学校麦克风经常不work。第二,online systems 也非常有效,能解决问题她自己很难找
出合适的时间去现场买票,大礼堂离教室非常远,有时买票队伍很长。
Task 4
【课文要点】:product positioning(产品定位)。文章介绍了商家promote宣传商品的一个途径:advertiser need to知道目标客户target customers最需要的what they exactly they need。 【教授举例】:教授举了一个例子。他曾worked in an advertisement agency as a consultant。为一个car business market一款专为在郊区生活的人设计的car。一开始销售状况不好。后来商家做研究。研究表明消费者最看gas mileage。Commuters(住在郊区要开车进城上班的群体)need cars which can save more gas。所以广告公司就这样设计广告:让一个人一路微笑地with a big smile on face开着这个牌子的车从suburban到city,驶过一个个加油站gas station旁呼啸而过。路过的每个station里都有很多人排队等待加油。广告末尾:your spend money on gas。这则广告说明开这种车很省油。结果,这种car成功地在两年里销量tripled了。
Task 5
【学生困难】:女生导演的音乐剧将于明晚首演。票已卖光were sold out,但主唱leading singer临时得了重感冒caught a bad cold,喉咙不好,甚至不能讲话voice。故不能参加演出performance。要下周才能好。 【解决方案】:男生给女生方案1、找个新演员代替find a understudy to replace him。女生说那人刚开始学歌词lines,还没怎么练习过,没有充分准备,怕明晚的首演opening night太紧张nervous,把音乐剧搞砸了。女生自己说出方案2、把音乐剧推迟到下周末postpone to next weekend举行。给买了票的观众退票return money。让他们下次演出时买票。女生担心这样做会让观众失望disappointed。
Task 6
【讲课要点】:教授讲可以研究动物化石animal fossil里的mineral proportion推测古代气候ancient climate。因为不同的气候会对形成化石的生物organisms产生不同影响。举例:shellfish的shell化石里的镁magnesium quantity随着海水温度temperature的变化而变化。magnesium含量level越高,temperature越高。magnesium含量level越低,temperature越低。所以,通过把古代化石里的magnesium含量和现在在同一个地方的shellfish壳里的含量加以比照,我们就可以推测古代海水是colder还是warmer了。
重点7
Task 3
【公开信】:一个学生提议禁止在学校中心骑自行车,尤其在楼与楼之间,因为很窄(sidewalk is narrow),对行人很不安全,如果发现要罚款。
【学生对话】:女生表示反对。一点是说其实很安全,因为骑车的人很responsible 和小心。另外一点好像是专门请个人来看是否有人违规,太浪费资源和时间(waste of resource and time, if they bring security guard to take care of them.)。
Task 4
Adaptive reuse:
文章:介绍再利用,说是把没有用的但是有很好历史价值房子重新装修再来使用。
听力: 老师介绍说原来他们要建一个CONCERT hall, use a chocolate factory 来改造,说这个地方足够大,很漂亮啊什么的。
Task 5 女的电脑烂了。男的说,fix,但是不保证好。男的说买,女生觉得虽然马上可以用但比较贵,而且她想去加拿大旅行。买了就没有钱去旅行了
Task 6 是生物的mimicry,说很多昆虫都有,mimicry能保护昆虫.例子一是一种苍蝇本身没有任何可以保护自己的武器,但是它的外表看上去很厉害,so the predator think it is dangerous.就不会吃它.例子二是一种蛾,it looks like the predator,所以predator看到它以为是同类也不会吃它.
重点8
Task3
【公开信】有个人写信给学校,说student directory(college directory that has all the contact information of students.) 可以两个方面改进:1. 加照片(Add photos of students)2. 制作一个网上在线浏览的版本(Put the directory on the internet)。
【学生对话】听力里男人说好啊。
1. some students may have the same name, photo helps students to find the right person. 因为上礼拜我用student directory 找个人忘了他的last name,结果打错了各种囧,有照片就不会;还有在线浏览好啊,
2. Some students can’t find the directory. 很多人一开学就displace 了那本小书,有了在线版就啥时候都能看见了。(It is easy for students to find these information if there are electronic version of the directory available online.)
Task4
【名词解释】Insight learning。在观察周围情况后,动物能相处解决问题的方案。这就是insight learning。
【教授举例】: 举例大猩猩(Chimpanzee)如何获取食物的例子来进一步阐述这个理论和概念。香蕉在很高的天花板上(top of its cage) 挂着,猩猩反应是跳起来去取,一次两次甚至三次,太高取不到会失望和沮丧。Then it give up and sit down for awhile, 经过思考,他发现屋里有box,于是他拿来一个box 垫在自己脚下再去取,还是不够高,他又拿另外一个Box,(use box on top of other boxes)直到盒子的高度足以让他取到香蕉。
Task5
阅读说学校对theatre专业的有新要求take a trip off campus,看专业的product,要花35元。女的问男的态度,男的很欢迎,说对理解有帮助,花钱也不多,花3次的钱可以看一次免费的。
Task6
【讲座内容】商务经济类,关于collect information for business marketing 的2 个方法,是quantity way,例子是,一个car manufacture, use 这个方法通过大量调查,发现没有孩子的客户购买量大,而有孩子的客户购买量小。第二个方法是opinion based 就是问卷调查之类的。之后该公司为了查明为什么有孩子的客户购买量小,就用该方法survey 问卷调查,发现是car 的back seat 有问题,孩子觉得不舒服。
重点9
Task3
【学校通知】
关于学校的咖啡厅又一个新计划:允许学生办音乐会
【学生对话】
女学生说太好了
,她是个音乐家,弹吉他又唱歌,这样的话给像她这样的学生提供了表演机会,练习在观众前放松表演,还有怎么用麦克风什么的。
第二,音乐会是免费的,这样的话好多学生可以不用担心负担不起。男声基本上就随声附和。
Task4
【名词解释】一种商业竞争策略fighting brand。大公司推出价格便宜的子品牌跟小公司竞争。
【讲座举例】听力中例子company A生产digital camera,口碑很好,大家都乐意买。有小
公司B生产similar digital camera,但是价格便宜,大家觉得这也是个不错的deal。大公司
司A 为了保住市场份额,推出一个牌子,价钱便宜质量一般,跟B 公司竞争。因为人们对公
司A 公司熟悉所以买公司A 子品牌的东西,逐渐不买公司B 的。
Task5
【学生困难】:男生想弄个announcement on newspaper 让更多的人来参加阅读演出singing group. He did not submit the announcement for upcoming event this week to the school's newspaper before the deadline. He is worrying about there will not be many students come to see the performance.
【解决方案】:女生建议:
方案1、To postpone 延期到下周,但but it not easy to book the music hall where the performance will take place。
方案2、To notice students by posters at different locations on campus since students are everywhere. 男生说考虑一下。
Task6
【讲课要点】:Wetland's two benefits for animals.
1). For nursery, sharks lay eggs in wetlands close to the ocean, because wetlands are shallow, there are not large predators, baby sharks can grow safely in the wetlands and survive in the ocean.
2). For rest and find food. Immigrating birds, for example, paper, during the long journey of immigration, stop the wetlands to find the food because they can find similar food like before
重点10
Task 3
【学校通知】
学校打算新开一门课程,教学生如何写project 和thesis,并强制学生参加
【学生对话】
男生很喜欢这个课程,原因有三:
一、他本身不会写thesis,他心理学的一个project 修改了两次才最后通过,这个课程对他很有用
二、可以看到别的学生怎么写,学习别人好的地方
三、也可以看到别的学生的错误,下次再自己的project 里面避免类似错误。
Task 4
【名词解释:peer reinforcement】说的是如果有同学不守纪律不按规则办事,老师不批评他而是表扬做的好的同学, 然后那个不守纪律的同学就自觉做好了。
【讲座举例】教授举例:和小朋友们玩积木时,有个要求就是玩好要放好,结果有次有个小朋友Sarah 不干了,然后老师表扬另外一个放得特别好的小朋友Paul(说I really like your way to clean up your toys),然后Sarah 就自觉放好了。
Task 6 【讲课要点】:social cooperation among animals benefits the whole group。举了两个例子:例子1、如果一只鹿自己吃feeding alone,在吃的同时必须警惕alert狼和熊等天敌predator的攻击。吃的时候不能专心,效率低、吃得少。然而,一群deers成群in a group吃东西,比一只鹿自己吃更好。集体有所分工,一些鹿轮流take turn站岗放哨,防卫predator。另一些就能安心well进食,高效地吃more efficiently。例子2、一个蜜蜂honey bee回到蜂巢hive通过跳一种特殊的舞special dance,如0字舞和8字舞,来分享share关于它找到的食物源food source的信息information(about where the food source is和距离(location and distance))。这样,整个蜂群都会收益the whole group will benefit from the bee
重点11
Task 3
【公开信】一个学生写信给学校要求cut parking area 教学楼旁边的理由:
1,可以多些绿色空间
2,学生可以骑自行车或走路去。
【学生对话】女生同意:
1,喜欢绿色空间,有地方休闲
2,减少污染,和traffic
Task 4
Reading
For surviving purpose, animals are weighing the pros and cons of their energy allocation consciously. If animals spend their energy more on foraging, they would leave less time and energy on reproduction, and vice versa if they focus much on reproduction, they would pay less attention on foraging for food.
Listening
Today we are discussing animal behavior. when animals face complex environment, they have to think about their energy allocation. Take seal for instance, they are easy to find food, because there a lot of fish in the sea, as a result, seal doesn’t need too much time and energy foraging for food. However, seal spend much time foraging for their location. For the first reason, they find the location to attract their potential mate for reproduction, for the second reason, they occupy their territory in order to drive other seals away, for the third reason, the seal need a territory to protect other male seal follows.
The reading passage introduces a phenomenon of animals’ energy distribution. For example, the more energy has been used to search for food, the less that left behind could be spent on other things, such as reproduction.In the lecture, the speaker uses detailed information to reinforce the idea in the reading passage.
He uses seal’s example to point out that seal spend more energy foraging for their locations than for food.
One reason the speaker gives is that the male sealscan draw the females’ attention by finding their location.
Moreover, if a seal has seized a location, it can expel other individuals.
Finally, seal necessitates territory to safeguard their fellows.
Task5
有个guest speaker在学校里有个lecture,讲journal的。女生想去听,但是不行,因为::她有图书馆的part-time job。虽然boss might be easy,但是她上周才stop,所以不好这么频繁的请加。第二:她可以事后借video tape来看,但是缺点在于不能与speaker直接沟通问问题。
Task 6
商业的business strategy of second interest。两种方法:提供给买电脑的顾客free video games, 因此当顾客不清楚是否要购买电脑时,video games 可以促使他们购买。第二:提供free computer lesson。可以maintain顾客,获得及时的反馈。
重点12
Task 3
关于学校stop serving junk food in dining hall,男生不同意。一:这是没有必要的。学生已经很健康了,学习完以后吃点零食是挺好的,尤其是finishing paper 以后,女生说对啊, 比如icecream 什么的。二:就算我们不在学校买也会到校外的store 去买,而且更贵,根本就不省钱
Task 4
动物的利他主义:benefic other animals, but reduce the chance of survival。一种生活在加州的动物松鼠,它的主要敌人是mountain lion.尤其是吃母的。当她发现有危险?时候会发生一种高pitch 的calling 来警告同伴赶紧逃跑,但是他的calling 会引来lion,因此自己很可能被吃掉,她牺牲了自己逃走的机会,但是给同伴留了生路,尤其是family member 在附近的时候
Task5
只记得解决方法一个是resign,但是不是很负责很难找到一个合适的editor,第二个是在暑假上课,但是约好了和朋友玩,上课的话太扫朋友兴了
回忆2:两个人对话,男的课外做一些newspaper的事,怕自己和下学期major course不能做好,想辞掉工作又觉得可惜,女的建议可以把课放到假期,男的假期和朋友约好旅行特别想去,结果记不太清了报纸的
Task6
【讲课要点】:social cooperation among animals benefits the whole group。举了两个例子:例子1、如果一只鹿自己吃feeding alone,在吃的同时必须警惕alert狼和熊等天敌predator的攻击。吃的时候不能专心,效率低、吃得少。然而,一群deers成群in a group吃东西,比一只鹿自己吃更好。集体有所分工,一些鹿轮流take turn站岗放哨,防卫predator。另一些就能安心well进食,高效地吃more efficiently。例子2、一个蜜蜂honey bee回到蜂巢hive通过跳一种特殊的舞special dance,如0字舞和8字舞,来分享share关于它找到的食物源food source的信息information(about where the food source is和距离(location and distance))。这样,整个蜂群都会收益the whole group will benefit from the bee。
重点13
Task 3
文章内容: 学校出公告要建一个housing office for off-campus.对话: 女生同意觉得很好.原因:1)是on-campus 的dorm 已经overcrowded 了.2)是新生不熟悉本地环境.这个office 正好帮助他们。
Task 4
动物有时候会发出假的警报,赶走同类,减少competition。举例,猴子在有豹子出现的时候,发出警报叫声,其他猴子听到会逃到树上去。但是有人发现一猴子找到了一堆水果, 发出警报,其他猴子都逃走了。其实没有豹子出现,发现水果的猴子自己在独享水果。
Task 5
男子的问题, summer job, 租了个房子, 但kitchen unavailable, 2 decisions:1. friend 有kitchen,一起用, 但是会inconvenient.2. 在 school cafeteria 买个 plan ,很便宜,但距离远
Task 6
plant shed themselves 1. prevent damage 例子 marple tree 在冬天来临时掉叶子,要不snow和ice附在叶子上会压坏枝条,2. reserve nutrient 例子 avo什么 tree 结果子时会让一些果子提前掉下以获得足够营养让果子成熟
重点14
Task 3
关于停车场不够要改造停车场。有人建议多建停车场, 对话里头女的不同意。因为1) 图书馆和食堂边上都可以停,而且走两步没什么问题。2)校园绿化本来就不多,所以不可以把绿地改造成停车场。
Task 4
business class 讲lateral view(侧面观点).就是从一个新的观点来看问题. 对话里的教授举了一个例子:一个经营宾馆的人老遭到顾客抱怨说等电梯时间太长.然后经理先去找了电梯生产商,发现解决问题成本太高.然后他的员工给他提意见说可以在电梯前装个电视,顾客就不觉得无聊了.问题让你用这个例子来说明lateral view.
Task 5
女的在小学当志愿者,和她的小学生们约好周末去野餐。但周末天气不好。 所以有两个选择改计划,但很麻烦,因为家长也要去。 2)改地点,去餐厅吃。但在室内吃饭没有在外面有趣。
Task 6
讲群居动物都有两种表现:一种是凶猛的表现,此行为不会影响彼此,反而能保护彼此。比如两个猩猩一起看到一个食物,先看到的猩猩就会表现凶悍,这样后看到的猩猩就心领神会了,自然不会打架。 第二种是友好表现,如果两个猩猩真的打架之类的话,打完了猩猩就会互相拥抱,以表善意。
重点15
Task3
文章: 说要把一个on campus 剧院关掉,移到外面的一个地方,这样的好处有:
1. 外面的剧院更大,就有更多的人去。
2. 外面的light 和sound 系统更好。
听力: 男生不同意,说
1. 太远了,不方面,同学们不想去
2. 我们不是PROFETIONAL 的,所以没有受训练,去用更好SYSTEM 也许还更差。
Task4
讲demand shifting。Two strategies of demand shift reduce the peak-peak demanding; increase the poor-peak demanding.教授举例说他的一个在洛杉矶的朋友开了一家餐馆,这个餐馆在晚上7-9 点之间,人声鼎沸,很少有位置。有些顾客愿意等位置,但很多人都不想等而是换其它地方吃饭。于是,教授的朋友就create a new deal。对于7 点之前吃饭的顾客就免费提供dessert。于是有些原来七点后来的顾客为了得到免费甜品,就提早来,并且提前结束吃饭。这样餐馆比以前更加赚钱。
Task5
女生在图书馆看书,忽然想起要赶去教室做她的presentation,路程是10分钟,时间很紧了。男生告诉他下大雨了。没带伞。Lecture:有两个解决方案:男生说出方案1、男生借给女生雨伞,但是雨伞在不远的另一个地方,去取的话要几分钟,然后女生会迟到。女生自己说出方案2、冒雨跑去教室不会迟到,但全身湿淋淋,书和笔记本也全湿掉。描述女生遇到的难题,男生给的两个建议,你的建议,为什么。
Task6
动物欺骗捕食者predator以保护自己defense的两种方法behavior:举了一个动物(蛇),说是这个动物用2种方法:、1)fool predator。说是做出它们要反击的动作(bite),其实它们不是真的要bite, and move suddenly to scare the predator, predator就给吓跑了。2)misleading:装死,对吃活物捕食者百试不爽。翻白眼,张嘴巴,让捕食者以为它们死了。捕食者就走了,等捕食者走了,蛇再活过来。
祝各位亲爱的学员们:
考试顺利,取得高分!
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