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　　第一段

　　①Between 1807 and 1814 the Iberian Peninsula (comprising Spain and Portugal) was the scene of a titanic and merciless struggle. ②It took place on many different planes: between Napoleon’s French Army and the angry inhabitants; between the British, ever keen to exacerbate the emperor’s difficulties, and the marshals sent from Paris to try to keep them in check; between new forces of science and meritocracy and old ones of conservatism and birth. ③(46) It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them. 
　　②It took place on many different planes: between Napoleon’s French Army and the angry inhabitants; between the British, ever keen to exacerbate the emperor’s difficulties, and the marshals sent from Paris to try to keep them in check; between new forces of science and meritocracy and old ones of conservatism and birth.
　　it指struggle
　　take place：发生
　　plane n. 平面，这里表示方面的意思，从后文可以知道，是力量不一样，有很多不同人参战。
　　即：这场战争发生在很多不同的参战方之间
　　分号后面是三个介词短语，说明这这些参战的人都有哪些：

　　①between Napoleon’s French Army and the angry inhabitants; ②between the British, ever keen to exacerbate the emperor’s difficulties, and the marshals sent from Paris to try to keep them in check; ③between new forces of science and meritocracy and old ones of conservatism and birth.

　　① between Napoleon’s French Army and the angry inhabitants;
　　Napoleon：拿破仑
　　inhabitant n. 居民
　　即：在拿破仑的法国军队和当地愤怒的居民间。

　　② between the British, ever keen to exacerbate the emperor’s difficulties, and the marshals sent from Paris to try to keep them in check;
　　ever部分是形容词短语修饰British，它的本质是一个非限定性定语从句的省略，which is ever...
　　keen to do sth：热衷于/渴望
　　exacerbate vt. 使加剧，恶化
　　marshal n. 陆/空军元帅
　　sent部分是分词后置定语，修饰marshal
　　hold/keep sth in check：控制，制止
　　即：在一直热衷于加剧君主困难的英军与从巴黎派来试图控制他们的元帅之间。

　　③ between new forces of science and meritocracy and old ones of conservatism and birth.
　　meritocracy n. 精英管理制度
　　ones指代forces
　　conservatism n.保守主义
　　birth n. 出身，这里可理解为门第制度，与精英制度相反
　　即：在科学和精英统治的新力量和保守主义与门阀政治的旧力量之间。

　　【完整译文】

　　① 很多不同的参战方卷入了这场斗争（战争）：拿破仑的法国军队和当地愤怒的居民间的斗争（战争）；一直热衷于加剧君主困难的英军与从巴黎派来试图控制他们（英军）的元帅之间的斗争（战争）；科学和精英统治的新力量和保守主义与门阀政治的旧力量之间的斗争（战争）。