文/郭晓楠

　　2011年上半年的SAT语法题总体来说难易程度和以往相比无太大差异，也没有出现非常规的题型，不过想拿700+仍不是易事。为了更好应对下半年的SAT语法题目，建议大家除了熟悉常规题型外，要特别注意倒装(IS里的)，逻主，虚拟句，平行结构和redundancy，以11年1月和5月的题目为例。

　　A good online course at the high school level provides resources that are comparable to courses in which teachers and students are in the same room.

　　(A) courses

　　(B) providing courses

　　(C) that of courses

　　(D) ones provided by then

　　(E) those provided by courses

　　这是道典型的比较结构题，比较结构在ISE和IS中都非常普遍。简单点说，只要是IS中比较部分划线，80%都是需要修改，也就是不能选A的，最常见的错误就是比较对象不同类，例如本题，原句中是拿resources和courses比较，显然错误，答案是E.

　　Knowing that the new movie would draw big crowds, our tickets were bought ahead of time so that we could avoid the long lines.

　　(A) our tickets were bought ahead of time so that we could avoid the long lines

　　(B) our tickets were bought ahead of time, allowing us to avoid the long lines

　　(C) by buying the tickets ahead of time allowed us to avoid the long lines

　　(D) we bought our tickets ahead of time so that we could avoid the long lines

　　(E) to avoid the long lines, our tickets were bought ahead of time

　　逻辑主语题是SAT IS中的题。 题干的基本结构为 Doing/done或Having done/Having been done…, S + V + O，而且大多是逗号后划线，解题方法两步：1)直接竖着看选项找开头的主语是逻辑主语的 2)选项本身是完整句子。本题选D

　　需要提醒考生注意的是，考试中的逻主题不一定如前面描述那么明显，有可能会变型，不过无论如何变型，我们都要火眼晶晶辨别出逻主题来，SAT常见的变型有：

　　1)Prep + doing…, S + V + O (有时介词前有副词修饰)

　　2)连词 + doing/done…, S + V + O

　　3)连词+ adj…, S + V + O

　　4)To do…, S + V + O

　　逻主题是IS的一大题型，每次都会考到且比重不轻，所以我们必须又快又准的解题。

　　再来一题(11年1月Section 7)：After receiving a degree in agriculture from Iowa State Agricultural and MechanicalCollege, a faculty position at the college was accepted by George Washington Carver, and he took charge of the college greenhouses.

　　甚至都不用读全句，一看开头是after receiving，马上判断出能主动发出receive动作的只能是人，本题只能是George Washington Carver，另外选项需要是一个完整的句子，因此马上锁定C选项，称之为题一点也不为过。

　　Were I to be granted a whole month in which to do whatever I wanted, I would travel throughoutAfricaand see as much of that continent as I could.

　　(A) Were I to be granted

　　(B) If I would have been granted

　　(C) With me being granted

　　(D) Granting me

　　(E) By being granted

　　这道题是1月份考生经常出错的。答案选A

　　IF引导的虚拟倒装句是语法中较难的考点，全都是在一个section的IS部分后半部出现。所以考生们一定要对if引导的虚拟句的各种时态下主句和从句的动词形式烂熟于心，否则考试中做题会既费时又易出错。请大家牢记：

　　1)与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句

　　If + 主 + did/ were…, 主+ would/should/could/might +V原

　　2)与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句

　　If + 主 + had done …, 主 + would/should/could/might + have done

　　3)与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句

　　If + 主 + did/ were to /should do…, 主 + would/should/could/might +V原

　　2011年5月也出现了虚拟的考题：

　　Bridget worried that she might not be able to bring back many souvenirs were she to take only one suitcase on vacation.

　　(A) were she to take

　　(B) if she would have taken

　　(C) was she to have taken

　　(D) had she look

　　(E) by having taken

　　又是一道if虚拟题，答案A是省略if的倒装用法，正过来是if she were to take, 和主句的she might not be able to…正好搭配，所以答案就是A。

　　They had never before been in a museum with such an extensive collection, they had a difficult time deciding how to make the most of the limited time they could spend there.

　　(A) They had never before been

　　(B) They never before were

　　(C) Never before had they been

　　(D) Never before having been

　　(E) Because of never before being

　　在考场上选C的同学很多，因为C本身属于倒装句，算是不错的写法。不过本题除了倒装还考到了句子结构，C犯了run-on的错误，应该选D。其实如果对SAT以往的考题非常熟悉的话，这道题是能选对的。请看09年5月的IS题：

　　We had never seen anything like this style of architecture before, we thought we were looking at giant sculptures, nor buildings.

　　(A) We had never seen

　　(B) We never saw

　　(C) Never had we seen

　　(D) Never having seen

　　(E) Never seeing

　　是不是和2011年5月的题如出一辙啊，选D

　　在ISE题目中，形容词和副词的混用是很常见的，正是因为如此很多考生一看到副词划线就本能的反应是对的，当然大多数情况是这样的，不过要小心例外啊。例如：

　　Coffee tastes bitterly and gives off a burned smell if it is overheated or brewed for too long. No error

　　之所以bitterly在本句中是错误的，是因为taste属于感官动词，和系动词一样后面要跟形容词，大家要小心。

　　最后，提醒同学们注意一种题型，就是redundancy，因为这类题目一般比较隐蔽，考生容易忽视。

　　In 1961 Rita Moreno gained fame and won an Academy Award for her portraying Anita in the film adaptation of the groundbreaking Broadway musical West Side Story. No error

　　C选项“for her portraying”应该改为“for portraying” or “for her portrayal of” .

　　再如：

　　In 1912 the mayor ofTokyogave thousands of cherry trees to the city ofWashington, D.C., which holds the annual National Cherry Blossom Festival every year to commemorate this gift.

　　这道题读完原句后，那些对SAT语法非常熟悉的同学们应该敏感的捕捉到一个词“annual”，因此不需要看选项都能猜出答案是什么。annual/annually与every/each year在语法题中不是次出现了，像这样的技巧大家一定要多总结。