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　　Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

　　答案：

　　在17世纪至18世纪早期这一百年间，一股移民浪潮--史上的人类迁徙之一，从欧洲涌向了美洲。(46)在多种强大的动机驱使下，这次移民运动在荒野上建立了一个国家，而且就其本质而言，塑造了一个新大陆的特点和命运。

　　(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.

　　答案：

　　(47)美国是两股主要力量作用的产物：一是具有不同思想、风俗和民族特征的欧洲各民族的移民进入，一是这个新国家在修改那些特征之后造成的影响。必然地，殖民地时期的美国是欧洲的投影。成群的英格兰人、法国人、德国人、苏格兰人、爱尔兰人、荷兰人、瑞典人和很多其他的人都陆续横跨大西洋来到这儿，他们试图把他们的习惯和传统照搬到新大陆。

　　(48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.

　　答案：

　　(48)但是，受美国特有地理条件的影响、不同民族间的相互影响以及在这片荒蛮的新大陆上维持旧秩序的万分艰难，给这片新大陆带来了巨大的变化。这些变化是循序渐进的，而且在最初的时候是不明显的。但结果是形成了一种新的社会模式，它具有明显的美国特色，尽管在很多方面与欧洲社会相似。

　　(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.

　　答案：

　　(49)在十五、十六世纪的北美洲探险过去一百多年后，批满载移民的航船跨过大西洋驶向现在的美国领土。与此同时，兴旺发达的西班牙殖民地在墨西哥、西印度群岛、南美洲建立起来。这些奔赴北美洲的旅客乘坐的船狭小而拥挤不堪。在他们长达六到十二周的旅途中，他们靠微薄的食物配给生存。很多船沉没在风暴中,很多乘客死于疾病，婴儿几乎无法在此次旅途中幸存。有时候风暴会把这些船只吹得偏离航线很远，风平浪静时则经常面临着无法承受的长时间耽搁。

　　To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. (50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.

　　答案：

　　对于那些焦虑的旅客而言，看到美洲大陆的海岸就给他们带来了几乎无法形容的安慰。一位事件记录员说：“三十多海里外空气的味道闻起来跟新盛开的花园一样芬芳。” 这些移民眼望向这片新大陆便看到了一片茂密的树林。(50)原始森林树木郁郁葱葱、种类繁多,是一座真正的宝库,从缅因州向南一直延伸至乔治亚州。这里有丰富的燃料和木材。这里有建造房屋、家具和船只及生产肥料、染料和松脂制品的原材料。

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