考研英语的阅读理解部分是考试的重心,也是广大学生的备考重点,而且阅读理解重视的是文章的篇章结构和上下文逻辑关系,考生可以通过对历年真题阅读理解的分析,总结出出题的思路及解题技巧。下面新航道考研小编给大家带来了2024考研英语真题:2004阅读 text 2(二),希望对大家有帮助。
第二段
①It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. ②Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo? Zysman. ③English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. ④Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.人们早就知道,当顾客翻阅电话簿时,名叫AAAA汽车公司的,要比名叫Zodiac汽车公司的有很大的优势。很少有人知道的是,在生活中,Adam Abbott(亚当?阿伯特)这个名字,要比Zoe Zysman(佐伊?泽斯曼)这个名字更有优势。英文名字在字母表的两半部分之间分布相当均匀。然而,令人生疑的是,很多顶尖人物的姓氏首字母都在A到K之间。
①It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.人们早就知道,当顾客翻阅电话簿时,名叫AAAA汽车公司的,要比名叫Zodiac汽车公司的有很大的优势。
it是形式主语,that部分是才是真正的主语
a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.
firm n. 公司
advantage over sb:优势。
zodiac n. 黄道带,这里是举例说明,不一定有这家汽车公司。
when部分是时间状语从句:when customers thumb through their phone directories.
thumb through sth:快速翻阅。
directory n. 簿;名录;目录
②Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo? Zysman.很少有人知道的是,在生活中,Adam Abbott(亚当?阿伯特)这个名字,要比Zoe Zysman(佐伊?泽斯曼)这个名字更有优势。
这里是完全倒装,正常版是:the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo? Zysman is Less well known,这个就叫做“头重脚轻”
that部分是定语从句,修饰advantage
这里的这两个人的名字也同样是举例,不一定就存在这样的两个人
③English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet.英文名字在字母表的两半部分之间分布相当均匀。
even adj. 均匀的;平均的;偶数的。—— evenly adv. 均匀地;平等地
half n. 一半。(halves是复数)
④Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.然而,令人生疑的是,很多顶尖人物的姓氏首字母都在A到K之间。
suspicious adj. 可疑的;怀疑的。—— suspiciously adv. 怀疑地。
前一半:ABCDEFGHIJKLM
后一半:NOPQRSTUVWXYZ
总结:第二段是具体举例说明 “按字母排序歧视” 这种不明显(潜在的)歧视,这种歧视很容易被人忽略。比如叫做AAAA的就比叫做ZZZZ的有优势。而且连续的AAAA要比连续的ZZZZ有优势。虽然在英语的姓氏里面,姓氏在两部分字母中的分布都是均匀的。但是,大多数顶级人物的姓氏都在字母表的前半部分。
ver the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. ②But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. ③This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.在过去的一个世纪里,各种不公平和歧视都受到了谴责,或者被认为是非法的。但是,有一种潜在的不公平形式继续盛行:按字母排序歧视。对于那些还没有意识到这种不利条件(不公平)的人来说,这指的是对那些姓氏以字母表下半部分字母开头的人的歧视。
①Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal.在过去的一个世纪里,各种不公平和歧视都受到了谴责,或者被认为是非法的。
fair adj. 公平的。—— unfair adj. 不公平的。—— unfairness n. 不公平;不公正
discriminate vt. 歧视;区别对待。—— discrimination n. 歧视
condemn vt. 谴责
illegal adj. 非法的。
②But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism.但是,有一种潜在的不公平形式继续盛行:按字母排序歧视。
insidious adj. 潜伏的;隐伏的;暗中的。
thrive vi. 繁荣;兴盛。
alphabet n. 字母表。—— alphabetism n. 按字母排序歧视。
③This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.对于那些还没有意识到这种不利条件(不公平)的人来说,这指的是对那些姓氏以字母表下半部分字母开头的人的歧视。
for部分是状语:for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage
as yet:至今
unaware部分是形容词短语后置定语,修饰those
unaware adj. 不知道的;没意识到的;未察觉(of sth)
disadvantage n. 劣势;不利。这里指的是: “按字母排序歧视”
主句部分:This refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
this指上一句说的:“按字母排序歧视” 这件事情。
refer to:指的是
whose部分是定语从句,修饰those:whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet
surname n. 姓氏;姓
letter n. 字母;信件
总结:第一段是说,现在 “按字母排序歧视” 盛行。而且,这是一种不明显的歧视,容易忽略的。
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