托福阅读易错题解读来啦，根据长沙新航道专业阅读教学团队多年教学经验和官方数据挑选题目，并详细整理出学生答题容易踩的坑以及最佳避坑思路。

　　Question

　　20240914真题passage2
　　(The Decline of the Large Blue Butterfly in England)
　　In an attempt to protect the butterfly and its habitat, a reserve was established in the 1930s that excluded both collectors and domestic livestock, but this did not stop the decline. Evidently, habitat had changed through time, including a reduction in wild thyme, which provides the food for the early development period of the large blue's caterpillar. Moreover, the loss of grass-eating rabbits (through disease) and the exclusion of grass-eating cattle and sheep from the reserve harmed short-turf grasses, which require periodic grazing to flourish. Short woody plants (shrubs) replaced the short-turf grasses that had provided an optimal environment for the large blue. Thyme survived; however, the butterflies continued to decline to extinction in Britain.
　　According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true of the reserve established in the 1930s to protect the large blue butterfly?
　　A. It helped to stabilize the large blue butterfly population.
　　B. It contributed to the loss of grass-eating rabbits.
　　C. Its exclusion of livestock made the reserve less suitable for the large blue butterfly.
　　D. It did not stop the excessive collecting that threatened the large blue butterfly population.

　　思路解析

　　题目类型：事实信息题
　　干扰选项：A/B
　　干扰类型：信息不符
　　干扰项分析：
　　选项A：信息不符
　　选项A声称“保护区帮助稳定了大蓝蝶种群”，但是原文明确指出，“a reserve was established... but this did not stop the decline”，即保护区的建立未能阻止大蓝蝶数量的下降，这与原文直接矛盾。考生可能倾向于认为保护区的建立必然带来积极效果，从而忽略原文中的否定表述（“but this did not stop the decline”）。
　　选项B：信息不符
　　选项B将兔子的减少归因于保护区，但是原文明确提到“the loss of grass-eating rabbits (through disease)”，说明兔子的减少是由疾病导致，而非保护区的政策。
　　选项D：信息不符
　　选项D声称“保护区未能阻止过度采集”，与原文“excluded collectors”直接矛盾。原文指出保护区“excluded both collectors and domestic livestock”，即已禁止采集者进入。

　　做题策略

　　1. 分析题干：分解题干问题、抓定位词
　　2. 原文定位
　　3. 理解定位词相关原文
　　4. 选项和定位句同义替换

　　详细正确思路
　　1. 分析题干：分解题干问题、抓定位词
　　题目要求分析保护区的效果。根据定位词的不可替换性，确定题目中定位词为“reserve established in the 1930s”。
　　2. 原文定位
　　根据题干“reserve established in the 1930s”，定位至段落首句。
　　3. 理解定位词相关原文
　　定位部分是保护区的描述（“a reserve was established... but this did not stop the decline”）。后续内容进一步解释保护区政策的影响，包括排除牲畜（“exclusion of... cattle and sheep”）及其对短草草甸（short-turf grasses）的负面影响。

　　核心逻辑链：
　　· 保护区政策：禁止采集者和牲畜进入。
　　· 直接结果：短草草甸因缺乏放牧（periodic grazing）而退化，被灌木取代。
　　·生态影响：短草草甸的消失破坏了大蓝蝶的适宜环境，最终导致其灭绝。
　　4. 选项和定位句同义替换
　　选项C中的“less suitable for the large blue butterfly”对应原文“short woody plants replaced... optimal environment”。
　　“exclusion of livestock”对应原文“exclusion of... cattle and sheep”。选项C直接关联“排除牲畜”与“环境不适宜”，符合原文逻辑链。

　　总结：
　　事实信息题的核心挑战包括精准定位、细节辨析、同义替换：
　　精准定位：需快速识别题干关键词（如时间、专有名词）并定位至原文具体位置。
　　细节辨析：必须区分直接陈述与干扰信息，避免因逻辑跳跃或主观联想而误判。
　　同义替换：正确答案往往通过词汇转换（如“exclusion of livestock”对应“less suitable”）体现，而非原词复现。