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　　Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.

　　答案：

　　音乐对不同的人来说有不同的意义，有时甚至在同一个人生命中的不同时刻，音乐的意义也不尽相同。它可以是诗意的、富有哲理的、愉悦感官的或是蕴含数理的,但是在我看来，不管怎样，音乐一定是关乎人类灵魂的。因此它是抽象无形的；但是其表达方式--“声音”却是纯粹且完全有形的。我认为正是这种通过有形的物质载体去传递无形的精神内涵的共存方式，铸就了音乐的力量。(46)这也是为什么当我们试图用语言去描述音乐时，我们只能表达出自己对音乐的感受，而无法领悟音乐本身。

　　Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.

　　答案：

　　贝多芬在音乐领域的重要性主要体现在其作品的革命性中。他将音乐从至今仍非常流行的讲究和声和结构的常规中解放了出来。有时候，我从他后期的作品中能感受到一种他想要打破一切连贯性音符的决心。正如他的最后一首钢琴奏鸣曲那样,其音乐作品骤然迸发，看似支离破碎。在音乐的表达上，他并没有被传统的力量所束缚。(47)人们普遍认为，贝多芬是一个思想自由、充满勇气的人，而且我认为，理解其作品必须抓住勇气这一本质特点,更不必说是演奏其作品了。

　　This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.

　　答案：

　　这种充满勇气的态度实际上成为演奏贝多芬音乐作品的一个必要条件。他的作品要求演奏者展现出这种勇气，比如在力度的运用上。(48)贝多芬习惯先以极高的强度来提高乐曲的音量，之后便突然跟上一段轻柔舒缓的乐段，而在他之前很少有作曲家这么做。

　　Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.

　　答案：

　　从最广义上来讲，贝多芬是一个热衷政治的人。但他对日常政务不感兴趣，他关心的是道德行为问题和影响整个社会的大是大非问题。(49)尤为重要的是贝多芬的自由观，在他看来，自由与个人的权利和责任密切相关:他提倡思想自由和个人言论自由。

　　Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.

　　答案：

　　贝多芬的音乐往往是由杂乱无章走向井然有序，就好像秩序是人类存在所必需的。对他来说，遗忘或忽视那些困扰我们生存的紊乱秩序并不能带来有序；有序是一种必要的发展，一种可以带来希腊理想中精神升华的进步。《葬礼进行曲》是《英雄交响曲》的第二乐章而非最后乐章，这并非偶然，正因为这样，苦难就不会成为最终的结局。(50)我们可以这样解读贝多芬的大多数作品，即苦难是不可避免的,但与其抗争的勇气使得人生充满价值。

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