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2023考研英语真题语法代词解析(不定代词)

作者: 2022-03-22 14:29 来源:长沙编辑
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  在考研英语中,代词是代替名词起名词作用的短语或句子的词,而物主代词是考研英语中说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性物主代词,下面,新航道好轻松考研小编带来了2023考研英语真题语法代词解析(不定代词),帮助大家理清几个代词的用法。


  (一)either, neither, any, each, none, every, some


  1. either 和neither 是一对反义词,表示“两者中任何一个都(不)”,作名词或形容词。


  用法为:


  either (neither) of the+复数名词+动词单数


  either (neither)+单数名词+动词单数


  如:Either/Neither of these stories (either/neither story) he told us is as attractive and instructive as that one.


  例句: Neither kind of sleep is at all well understood, but REM (rapid eye movements) sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain.


  分析: 该句是并列句。


  译文: 人们对这两种睡眠都没有完全了解,但认为快速眼动睡眠有使大脑恢复的功能。


  2. either 指两者中的任何一个,仅限两者,而each 用于两者以上;either 和both 可互换使用,但both 强调整体。


  例句: The relationship between Latin American music and black music in the United States is evident in the unaccented beats that are common to either/both.


  分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句that are common to either/both 修饰beats。


  译文: 拉丁美洲音乐同美国黑人音乐的关系明显地表现在这两种音乐各自存在着无重音节拍这一共同点上。


  例句: We also expect each place to be appropriate to its use.


  分析: 该句是简单句。


  译文: 我们也希望每个地方都恰如其分。


  3. any 和none 是一对反义词,表示“三者或三者以上中的任何一个都(不)”,其后谓语动词的单复数参看例句。


  例句: Although Professor Green's lectures usually run over the fifty minute period,none of his students ever object(s) as they find his lectures both informative and interesting.


  分析: 该句是复合句。


  译文: 虽然格林教授的课通常超过规定的50 分钟,但他的学生从无一人表示反对,因为他们发现格林的课既富有知识性又有趣。


  例句: If any man here does not agree with me, he should put forward his own plan of improving the living conditions of these people.


  分析: 该句是复合句。


  译文: 如果在座的有人不赞成我的观点,那么他就应该提出他自己的改善这些人生活条件的方案。


  4. any 和some 的主要区别在于any 用于否定句、条件句和疑问句;some 用于肯定句,表示期待对方的肯定答复或以问句形式向对方提出要求或邀请。


  例句: He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any reliance on what he promises. (1997 年第23 题)


  分析: 该句是复合句。


  译文: 他多次辜负了我的期望,以至于我不再相信他作出的任何承诺。


  例句: The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. (选自2008 年Use of English)


  分析: 该句是复合句,主干部分是The idea is one of those hypotheses。that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others 是idea 的同位语从句,that dare not speak its name 是hypotheses 的定语从句。


  译文: 认为某些群体的智商要高于其他群体是一个无人敢说出来的假想。


  (二)one,the other 和another


  1. 两者中一个用one 表示,另一个用the other 表示,不定数目中的另一个用another表示。


  例句:However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different. (选自2005 年Text 1)


  分析: 该句是复合句,主句部分为their behavior became markedly different。when引导的时间状语从句中又插入了so that 引导的目的状语从句,从句中what the other...作observe 的宾语。


  译文: 但是当两只猴子被放在隔开但相邻的两个房间中,而且每只猴子还能看到对方用岩石交换了什么物品之后,他们的行为就发生了巨大变化。


  例句: We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let's have another one this month.


  分析: 该句是并列句。


  译文: 上个月我们举行了一场晚会,很有意思。因此,我们这个月再举行一场类似的晚会吧。


  2. 表示三者并对三者加以说明。


  表达方法如下:


  one...another...and the other


  one...a second...and the third


  例句: I have three sisters, one is a nurse, another (a second) is a teacher, and the other (and the third) is a doctor.


  注: 表示四者并对四者都加以说明的表达方式是:one...another...a third...and the fourth (the other)...。


  3. One 作代词时,前用形容词或the,this,that,which,any,some,each,every等来修饰,另有one of the+复数名词+单数动词。


  例句: That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. (选自2006 年Text 3)


  分析: 该句是复合句,means 后的宾语从句省略了连接代词that,what is in the sea作介词of 的宾语,so 引导的另一个分句中的the one 代替前面的名词difference,分词短语recorded by...作后置定语修饰the one。


  译文: 这意味着更高比例的海洋物种正在被捕捞,因此现在和过去的真正差异可能比根据渔获量的变化所记录的更糟糕。


  例句: One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships dutifully follow traffic rules in busy harbors. (2001 年第13 题)


  分析: 该句是复合句,从句that all ships...harbors 作make sure 的宾语。


  译文: 海岸警卫队的责任之一就是确保所有船只在繁忙的港口严格遵守航运规则。


  注意: that 和one 都可用来代表句子前面部分中的名词以避免重复: one 指代可数名词, 为不确定指代,其复数形式为ones;that 指代可数和不可数名词,为确定指代,其复数形式为those。


  (三)most


  most 表示大多数、大部分或最 大数量、最 大 程度等,作代词、名词、形容词和副词。


  例句:It's hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. (选自2011 年Text 4)


  分析:该句是复合句。在主句中,it 是形式主语,真正的主语是to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children;在原因状语从句中,it 代表前面提到的to want children;冒号后的内容是对前面内容的解释。


  译文:很难想象,仅仅因为里斯和安吉丽娜使“生孩子”看起来颇具魅力,很多人就愚蠢地跟风效仿:大多数成年人都明白抚养孩子并不像理发那样简单。


  例句:Most newspapers, while devoting the major part of their space to recent events,usually manage to find room on the inside pages for articles on some interesting topics.(2000 年第17 题)


  分析: 该句是复合句,其中主句为Most newspapers usually manage to find room on the inside pages...topics。从句while 后的完整形式应为while they are devoting the major part of their space to recent events。


  译文: 大多数报纸将主要版面用来报道近期发生的事件,但通常也会在内页留出空间刊登一些趣闻。


  1. 单独使用时,most 前无冠词。


  例句: Some of the people stayed behind, but most went.


  分析: most=most people,动词用复数。


  2. most 后带有限制性定语从句时,前加the。


  例句: The most this hall can seat is 1,000.


  分析: 这是一个复合句,this hall can seat 这个定语从句修饰the most。seat 是动词,意为“为……提供座位”。


  译文: 这个大厅最多能容纳一千人。


  没有语法基础光靠背单词是不可能读懂长难句的,也无法在阅读上取得高分,所以说为大家整理的考研英语语法解析要好好阅读哦。

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