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2024考研英语真题:2004翻译全文精讲(三)

作者: 2023-05-29 14:43 来源:长沙编辑
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  在考研英语中,很多同学认为翻译的分值不高就有来不及做就放弃的心理,其实平时在做翻译的过程中,对考研英语的阅读和写作是很有帮助的, 从做真题开始,提高分数的重点不是做题,而是做题后的分析,今天,好轻松考研小编为大家整理了2024考研英语真题:2004翻译全文精讲(三),希望能够帮助到大家。


  第三段


  ①Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. ②(64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. ③He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. ④(65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. ⑤Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. ⑥Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.


  ①Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages.
  pupil n. ①学生;小学生;②瞳孔;③门徒;弟子
  Benjamin Lee Whorf:本杰明·李·沃尔夫,美国语言学家。
  American Indian adj. 美洲印第安人的;美洲原住民的


  【完整译文】
  ①萨丕尔的学生,本杰明·李·沃尔夫继续研究美洲印第安人的语言。
  ②对美洲印第安人语言的研究,萨丕尔的学生,本杰明·李·沃尔夫仍在继续进行。
  ③本杰明·李·沃尔夫继续研究美洲印第安人的语言,他是萨丕尔的学生。


  ②(64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
  Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
  being部分是分词做状语,表示 “原因” ,可以写成:Because whorf was interested...
  即:因为沃尔夫对语言与思维间的关系感兴趣,所以,
  Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
  develop vi. 发展,这里表示:“逐步形成,慢慢建立”的意思,要体现一个过程。
  that部分是idea的同位语从句,具体说idea的内容:
  the structure of languagedetermines the structure of habitual thoughtin a society
  habit n. 习惯。—— habitual adj. 习惯性的;惯常的。
  即:在一个社会中,语言结构决定了惯性思维结构。


  【完整译文】
  ①因为他对语言与思维间的关系感兴趣,所以,沃尔夫就逐渐形成了一种观点,即在一个社会中,语言结构决定了惯性思维的结构。
  ②因为沃尔夫对语言与思维间的关系感兴趣,所以,他就慢慢建立了一种思想,即在一个社会中,语言结构决定了惯性思维的结构。
  ③Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣,逐渐形成了这样的观点:在一个社会中,语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。


  ③He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another.
  he指沃尔夫
  reason vt. 推理;推论;推断(这里可以翻译为:“认为” )
  that后面是宾语从句:because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another.
  because部分是原因状语从句:it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not othersin a given language
  it是形式主语,真的主语是to部分
  formulate vt. 形成;创立。
  given adj. 制定的;特定的;规定的。
  即:在某一特定语言中,很容易形成某些特定的概念,而不是其他的。
  主句部分:the speakers of that language think along one trackand not along another.
  that language = given language
  track n. 铁轨;路径;方向;轨道。
  即:讲该语言的人就会沿着某个方向思考,而不是其他的方向。


  【完整译文】
  ①他认为,由于在某一特定语言中,很容易形成某些特定而不是其他的的概念,所以,讲该语言的人就会沿着某个方向思考,而不是其他的方向。
  ②他认为,由于在某一特定语言中,很容易形成某些特定的概念,而不是其他的,所以,讲该语言的人就会沿着某个方向思考,而不是其他的方向。


  ④(65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
  come to do sth:开始做某事(指在经历了一些事情以后才开始的,这里是在上一句以后,才开始的,比如说:A和某个美女相处了一段时间后,他才开始相信爱情。)
  a sort of:一种;某种
  determine vt. 决定。—— determinism n. 决定论(哲学概念,即:不以人的意志为转移的,必然如此的,人无法控制的)
  Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
  which部分是定语从句,修饰determinism,这里嵌入了in部分,这种叫做:“嵌入式定语从句”,两个逗号可以去掉,这样会更难一点:
  which in its strongest form states ①that language imprisons the mind, and ②that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
  it指determinism,即:在其最强的形式上,这里是说,这种决定论的最强(极端)形式。
  state(说)后面是and连接的两个宾语从句:
  ①that language imprisons the mind
  imprison vt. 关押;监禁;限制;束缚。
  mind n. 思维;思想。
  ② that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
  grammar n. 语法;文法。—— grammatical adj. 语法的。
  far-reaching adj. 深远的。
  consequence n. 结果;后果;影响。
  即:某一语言的语法结构会对某一社会的文化产生深远的影响。


  【完整译文】
  ①沃尔夫进而开始相信某种语言决定论,从其极端的方面来看,就是说语言禁锢了思维以及某一语言的语法结构会对某一社会的文化产生深远的影响。
  ②沃尔夫进而开始相信某种语言决定论,就其最强的形式而言,就是说语言禁锢了思维以及某一语言的语法结构会对某一社会的文化产生深远的影响。
  ③Whorf进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点,其极端说法是:语言禁锢思维,语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。


  ⑤Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, butthis term is somewhat inappropriate.
  later adv. 后来
  this idea指上一句的内容
  这里的become是系动词,to be known是不定式做表语,二者不是连在一起的
  be known as:因/以...而为人所熟知;以...著称。
  hypothesis n. 假说;假设;猜想。
  the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis:萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说
  but后面是另外一个句子
  this term is somewhat inappropriate.
  term n. 术语
  somewhat adv. 有点;稍微
  appropriate adj.适合的;恰当的。—— inappropriate adj. 不适合的;不恰当的。


  【完整译文】
  ①后来,这种思想(观点)变成了人们熟知的萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说(猜想);但是,这个术语多少有点不恰当。


  ⑥Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.
  although部分是让步状语从句
  emphasize vt. 强调
  diversity n. 多样性
  即:虽然萨丕尔和沃尔夫都强调语言的多样性。
  Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.
  explicit adj. 清楚的;明白的;坦言的;直截了当的。—— explicitly adv. 明确地
  notion n. 概念;观念;看法


  【完整译文】
  ①虽然萨丕尔和沃尔夫都强调语言的多样性,但是,萨丕尔自己从来都没有明确赞同过这种语言决定论的看法。
  ②虽然萨丕尔和沃尔夫都重视(看重)语言的多样性,但是,对这种语言决定论的观点,萨丕尔自己从来都有明确支持过。

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