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　　标题/出处

　　The Jersey fishing standoff shows Brexit has only just begun
　　泽西岛捕鱼僵局表明英国脱欧进程才刚刚开始
　　The Guardian《卫报》7 May， 2021

　　文章导读

　　泽西岛是英国皇家属地，东距法国诺曼底海岸24公里。虽然泽西岛本就不属于英国，也从未加入过欧盟，但欧盟与英国之间的《贸易与合作协定》取代了原来的《格兰维尔湾协议》，重新定义了泽西岛周围海域的捕鱼规则。新协议要求所有欧洲船只进入泽西岛捕鱼都需向泽西岛政府申请新执照。法国对此表示强烈反对，指责英国利用繁文缛节限制法国在该地区的捕鱼权，并威胁要切断泽西岛的电力供应(泽西岛95%的电力来自法国，断电将给当地人的生活带来极大不便)。英国对法国此举也表现得寸步不让，直接派出了皇家海军。英国脱欧协议虽已于去年年底签署，但个中细节使得原本艰难的谈判越发一波三折。目前看来，英国的麻烦不过才刚刚开始。

　　正文

　　When the UK and the EU finalised their trade deal last December， you could be forgiven for assuming that Boris Johnson had fulfilled his pledge to“get Br exit done”.But as events this week have proved， the process is far from over.An argument with France over fishing rights around the island of Jersey rapidly descended into threats， blockades and the government sending in the navy.
　　The current dispute rests on differing interpretations of one part of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement(TCA) ， the trade deal that now governs economic relations between the UK and the EU.While Jersey is not part of the UK and was never within the EU， the TCA replaced the Bay of Granville Agreement , which used to govem fishing rights in Jersey's waters.
　　The new agreement requires any EU vessel fishing in Jersey's waters to have a new licence from the Jersey government.These licenses are issued according to how much a vessel carried out fishing activities in Jersey's waters between February 2017 and January 2020. After a transitional arrangement was agreed in January while the new system was being set up， these new licences started to be issued by Jersey at the end of April.
　　The response to Jersey's new licences has been furious.The French have argued that the new arrangements are unfair and that the licences come with strict conditions limiting how many days a vessel can operate in Jersey's waters or what type of fish it can catch.On Thursday， French fishing boats congregated at Jersey's St Helier port in protest at the licensing arrangements.The situation esea lated further when the British government sent Royal Navy patrol vessels to the area to monitor the protests， amid threats from France that it could cutoff access to Jersey's electricity supply.
　　Ultimately， we should expect this situation to be resolved diplomatically before long. But the standoff points to a broader challenge for the UK as it navigate sits post-Brexit relationship with its European neighbours.The withdrawal agreement and the UK-EU free trade deal set out a framework for the UK's future relationship with the EU， but in many respects these treaties leave crucial matters ambiguous and unsettled.As the deal is implemented in practice， this seems bound to lead to continuing tensions with the EU and its member states.
　　Take these three examples of simmering controversies within the UK-EU relationship.
　　First， on fishing， the free trade agreement settle show to manage reciprocal access to waters and the sharing of fish stocks for an“adjustment period”of five and a half years.But after the end of this period， in 2026， negotiations between the two sides on future access are meant to resume on an annual basis and the UK is expected to push for larger quota shares. As a result， the deal kicks many of the big arguments overfishing rights into the long grass， raising the likelihood of further flare-ups down the line.
　　Second， the protocol intended to prevent a hard border on the island of Ireland has raised a succession of major challenges for trade within the United Kingdom.Food and drink companies in particular have struggled to handle new paperwork and plant and animal health checks for goods moving from Great Britain to Northern Ireland.
　　Given the broader implications for political stability in Northern Ireland， it's clear that correctly implementing the protocol will require just as much care and consideration as the original negotiations.Yet with the EU launching infringement proceedings over the UK's decision to unilaterally extend the“grace period”for exempting checks on supermarket agri-food goods to Northem Ireland， the prospects of a quick resolution seem slim.
　　Finally， on the critical issue of the“level playing field”， the UK and the EU have agreed a complex set of provisions that seem destined to be the subject of future dispute.The idea of the level playing field is to ensure that the UK and the EU do not gain an unfair competitive advantage as they diverge from each other's regulations.The UK-EU deal includes commitments on upholding standards on the environment， climate breakdown and workers' rights， as well as rules on subsidy control.
　　If(or when) the UK decides to no longer follow the EU's approach to these standards， the commission will be watching carefully to ensure there is no breach of the terms of the trade agreement.The more the UK plans to diverge from the EU's regulatory model， the more likely the prospect of a series of protracted legal battles over the impacts on trade and competition.
　　This week's events therefore highlight that in many respects the Brexit process has only just begun.After all， untangling decades worth of trade ties and regulatory harmonisation was never going to happen overnight.
　　To make this work， it's time to turn the page on the Brexit wars and resist inflaming tensions with the EU and its members with thinly veiled threats or acts of defiance.Ultimately，we will need to find away to cooperate alongside our closest neighbours and largest trading partners-without resorting to gunboat diplomacy.

　　全文翻译

　　去年12月，当英国和欧盟敲定贸易协定时，你可能会认为鲍里斯·约翰逊已履行“完成英国脱欧”的承诺，但就本周发生的事件来看，英国脱欧尚未结束。英国与法国关于泽西岛捕鱼权的争论迅速演变为威胁和封锁，政府也在该海域部署了海军。
　　当前的争端源于对部分《贸易与合作协定》的不同解读，该贸易协定目前主导着英国与欧盟之间的经济关系。尽管泽西岛不属于英国，也从未加入欧盟，但《贸易与合作协定》取代了曾经主导泽西岛海域捕鱼权的《格兰维尔湾协议》。
　　新协议要求所有在泽西岛海域捕鱼的欧盟船只都必须从泽西岛政府获取新执照。新执照根据2017年2月至2020年1月船只在泽西岛海域开展捕鱼活动的次数来颁发。在今年1月份达成过渡性协议之后，新体系得以构建，泽西岛于今年4月底开始颁发新执照。
　　对于泽西岛新执照，各国的反应十分强烈。法国方面认为这项新措施不公平，新执照附含苛刻的条件，严格限制船只在泽西岛海域的作业天数和捕鱼种类。本周四，法国渔船聚集在泽西岛的圣赫利尔港，抗议新执照的安排。因法国威胁要切断泽西岛的供电系统，英国政府派遣皇家海军巡逻舰前往该地区监控抗议活动，导致局势更加白热化。
　　我们最终还是应该期待这一局势不久会通过外交方式解决。但是这场对峙表明，英国脱欧后与邻近欧盟国关系僵化，将面临更多更大的挑战。尽管英国脱欧协议和英欧自由贸易协定为英国与欧盟的未来关系设定了一个框架，但这些条款在很多方面使得关键问题变得模棱两可且久悬不决。随着新举措的实施，英国与欧盟及其成员国的关系势必会愈发紧张。
　　下面将以英国与欧盟关系中不断发酵的三个争议为例进行说明。
　　首先，在渔业方面，自由贸易协定解决了如何在五年半的“调整期”内解决互惠水域准入和鱼类资源共享的问题。但这一阶段结束后，也就是到2026年，双方关于未来水域准入的谈判将恢复至每年一次，预计英国将争取更多份额。因此，该协议将许多关于捕鱼权的重大争论束之高阁，加大了未来发生进一步冲突的可能性。
　　其次，关于旨在防止爱尔兰岛上出现硬边界的协议，对英国国内贸易提出了一系列重大挑战。特别是食品和饮料公司，一直在努力处理从英国运往北爱尔兰的货物的新文件，以及动植物检疫工作。
　　鉴于北爱尔兰政治稳定性的影响范围较大，正确履行协议需要像最初的谈判一样谨慎细致，这点毋庸置疑。然而，由于英国单方面决定延长对运往北爱尔兰超市的农产品进行豁免检查的“宽限期"，欧盟已对此提起侵权诉讼，因此快速解决问题似乎是希望渺茫了。
　　最后，在“公平竞争环境”这一关键问题上，英国和欧盟就一系列复杂条款达成一致，这些条款似乎注定会成为未来争议的话题。公平竞争环境理念旨在确保英国和欧盟在彼此法规相异的情况下，获得公平的竞争优势。英国与欧盟的协议包括维护环境、气候变化以及劳动者权利的相关准则的承诺，以及补贴控制方面的规则。
　　如果(当)英国决定不再遵循欧盟的这些准则，欧盟委员将会密切关注，以确保英国没有违反贸易协定。英国越想逃离欧盟的监管模式，就越有可能就贸易和竞争展开一系列旷日持久的法律诉讼战。
　　因此，本周的事件表明，从多方面来看，英国脱欧进程才刚刚开始。毕竟，解决数十年的贸易关系和实现和谐监管不会一蹴而就。
　　为了实现这一目标，是时候开启英国脱欧之战的新篇章了，而且还要以不加掩饰的威胁或反抗行动来对抗与欧盟及其成员国之间日益加剧的紧张关系。最终，英国还是要与最亲密的邻国和最大的贸易伙伴进行合作，而不是诉诸炮舰外交。

　　特殊词汇
　　descend into逐渐陷入
　　protocol n.条约草案；议定书；(协议或条约的)附件
　　furious adj.激烈的；暴怒的
　　escalate v.(使) 逐步扩大， 加剧
　　infringement n.(对他人权利或自由等的)侵犯
　　standoff n.(双方的) 僵持局面
　　simmer v.即将爆发；酝酿
　　unilaterally adv.单方面地
　　reciprocal adj.互惠的
　　level playing field公平竞争的环境
　　flare-up n.(怒气、激烈情绪等的)爆发
　　uphold v.支持， 维护