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　　标题/出处

　　Why used cars are suddenly costing more than when they were new
　　为什么二手车突然比新车贵了?
　　The Christian Science Monitor《基督教科学箴言报》June 23，2021

　　文章导读

　　过去一年里，美国二手车价格上涨了21%，成为美国4月通胀爆表的最大推手。由于二手车价格对通胀数据影响较大，这也让决策者尤为关注。新冠肺炎疫情是造成这一状况的原因之一，缺少汽车芯片以及二手车租赁公司的发展也是推动二手车价格上涨的关键因素。目前二手车的价格涨幅呈放缓趋势，但是其未来的价格变化情况还不得而知，人们对此也是众说纷纭。

　　正文

　　When it was new， the window sticker price on atypical 2019 Toyota Tacoma SR double cab pickup was just under $29，000. Two years later， dealers are paying almost  $1，000 more than that to buy the same vehicle， even though it's used.
　　Then they're selling it to consumers for more than $33，000.
　　Welcome to the wacky world of United States car and truck sales，where the pandemic and a global shortage of computer chips have pushed prices to record levels.
　　In the past year， used vehicle prices on average have climbed 30%，according to Black Book， which tracks car and truck data. That's created many crazy situations where high-demand vehicles are selling for more than they did when they were new，said Alex Yurchenko，the company's senior vice president of data science.
　　“The market is very strange right now，”said Mr.Yurchenko.“Dealers need the inventory，so they are paying lots of money for their vehicles on the wholesale market.”
　　Mr.Yurchenko has found 73 modelsof 1- to 3-year-old vehicles being sold at auctions(where dealers buy their vehicles) for prices above their original sticker， which is called the manufacturer's suggested retail price.
　　Used vehicle price increases accounted for one-third of the large rise in inflation last month， according to the Labor Department. Prices shot up a record 10% in April and another 7.3% in May， as inflation spiked 5%，the biggest 12-month increase since 2008. The average used vehicle cost $26，457 this month，according to Edmunds. com.
　　Many of the models Mr.Yurchenko found were high-priced trucks and SUVs or highly sought-after loaded-out vehicles，including the high-performance Ford F-150 Raptor pickup， the 2019 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Rubicon SUV， and the boxy Mercedes G-Class AMG63 high-performance SUV.
　　But the two-wheel-drive Tacoma SR is the lowest-priced model of Toyota's top-selling small pickup.To be sure， higher end versions of the Tacoma also were on the list， but even more mainstream vehicles are selling for more than their original prices. For instance， the 2020 Kia Telluride and Hyundai Palisade made the list even though both are considered good values compared with more expensive SUVs with three rows of seats.
　　Mr.Yurchenko says the crazy prices are moving further into more ordinary vehicles.“Before we get through this， prices for many mainstream vehicles will get closer to their manufacturer's suggested retail price， ”he said.
　　It all started in April and May of last year， when U.S. automakers were forced to close factories for eight weeks to help stop the novel coronavirus from spreading.That cut production， limiting inventory even as demand remained surprisingly strong.The factories came back faster than expected， and in the meantime， computer chipmakers had switched to manufacturing semiconductors for phones， laptops， gaming systems， and other consumer electronics.That created a shortage of automotive chips， which is forcing car companies to temporarily close factories， leaving some dealers with few new vehicles.
　　The lack of new vehicles and higher prices have sent more people into the used vehicle market， so demand is high there，too. Plus，rental car companies，normally a source of late-model used vehicles，are keeping their cars longer because they can't get new ones， Mr.Yurchenko said.
　　At present， consumers who have to replace a vehicle don't have much choice.“Unfortunately， if you need a vehicle， you'll need to pay the price， ”Mr.Yurchenko said.
　　But there are signs that price increases are starting to slow. Used car prices rose 0.75% last week， the lowest weekly gain in 17 weeks. Trucks and SUV prices grew 0.68%，the lowest weekly gain in 15 weeks， according to Black Book.
　　Karl Jensvold， owner of PricedRite Auto Sales， a used vehicle dealer in Lincoln， Nebraska，said he's seeing wholesale prices leveling off， but he doesn't expect them to drop anytime soon.“I think the normal used car market has reset to a different price point，”he said.“I don't think we'll see the prices[from] before Covid for awhile.”
　　Mr.Yurchenko said at some point prices will have to go back to normal and used vehicles will depreciate once again.The timing depends on how long it takes to get more computer chips so automakers can resume normal production， he said.“Once the new inventory levels start increasing， that's where the pressure on the used market will be relieved， ”he said.

　　全文翻译

　　一辆典型的2019款丰田塔科马SR双排皮卡刚上市时的车窗标价略低于29000美元；两年后，经销商愿意支付比这高出近1000美元的价格购买同一辆车，即使这是一辆二手车。
　　然后，他们再以超过33000美元的价格将这辆车卖给消费者。
　　这就是当下美国汽车和卡车市场所上演的神奇一幕：疫情的影响和全球电脑芯片的短缺，已经把二手车价格推至创纪录的水平。
　　据追踪汽车和卡车数据的黑皮书统计，过去一年，二手车价格平均上涨了30%。该公司负责数据科学的高级副总裁亚历克斯·尤尔琴科表示，这一增长造成了许多不可思议的情况，即高需求汽车的售价比其刚上市时的标价还要高。
　　“现在的市场非常奇怪，”他说，“经销商需要库存，所以他们在批发市场上斥重金购买车辆。”
　　尤尔琴科发现，在拍卖会(经销商购买汽车的地方)上，有73款使用年限在1至3年的汽车以高于其原价(制造商建议的零售价)的价格出售。
　　美国劳工部的数据显示，二手车价格上涨占上个月通货膨胀率大幅上升的三分之一。由于通货膨胀率飙升5%(这是自2008年以来12个月内的最大涨幅)，4月份的汽车价格飙升了创纪录的10%，5月份又上涨了7.3%。埃德蒙兹网的数据显示，本月二手车的平均价格为26457美元。
　　尤尔琴科发现的许多车型都是高价位卡车和运动型多用途汽车(SUV) ， 或是备受追捧的装载车型，包括高性能的福特F-150猛禽皮卡、2019款吉普牧马人无限Rubicon SUV， 以及四四方方的梅赛德斯G级AMG 63高性能SUV。
　　不过，两轮驱动的塔科马SR是丰田最畅销的小型皮卡中价格最低的车型。可以肯定的是，高端版的塔科马也在名单上，但更主流车型的售价都高于原价。例如，2020款起亚Telluride和现代Palisade就榜上有名， 尽管与更昂贵的三排座椅SUV相比， 这两款车型价位不高，但人们都认为它们具有更高性能。
　　尤尔琴科认为，疯狂的价格正在进一步向更普通的车型转移。他说道：“在此之前，许多主流汽车的价格将接近制造商建议的零售价。”
　　这一切都始于去年4月和5月，当时美国汽车制造商被迫关闭工厂8周以遏制新型冠状病毒的传播。这一举措导致产量减少，库存受限，尽管人们对汽车的需求仍出奇地强劲。不过，这些工厂恢复运转的速度比预期要快；与此同时，电脑芯片制造商已经转向生产手机、笔记本电脑、游戏系统和其他消费类电子产品的半导体。这便造成了汽车芯片的短缺，迫使汽车公司暂时关闭工厂，导致一些经销商几乎没有新车。
　　新车的缺乏和更高的价格促使更多人涌入二手车市场，使得该市场对汽车芯片的需求也变高。另外，尤尔琴科表示，租车公司(通常是最新车型二手车的来源)因为买不到新车，所以他们正在延长汽车的使用年限。
　　目前，必须更换车辆的消费者没有太多选择。“不幸的是，如果你需要一辆车，你就要为此付出代价，”他说道。
　　但有迹象表明，汽车价格的涨幅已经开始放缓。上周，二手车价格上涨了0.75%，创下17周以来最低周涨幅。黑皮书显示， 卡车和SUV价格上涨了0.68%， 为15周以来最低周涨幅。
　　内布拉斯加州林肯市的二手车经销商Priced Rte的老板卡尔·詹斯沃德注意到批发价格趋于平稳，但他预计批发价格不会很快下降。他说：“我认为，正常的二手车市场已经重置到了一个不同的价位。我想我们暂时还无法看到疫情前的价格。"
　　尤尔琴科表示，在某个阶段，价格将回归正常，二手车将再次贬值，而这一时间取决于需要多久才能得到更多的电脑芯片，这样汽车制造商才能恢复正常生产。他补充道：“一旦新的库存开始增加，二手市场的压力就会得到缓解。"

　　特殊词汇
　　more than多于；超出
　　compared with与……相比较
　　a shortage of缺少；短缺
　　in the meantime在此期间， 与此同时
　　on average平均；平均起来
　　switch to切换到；转到；转变成
　　according to据(……所说) ；按(…报道)；依照；按照；根据
　　temporarily adv.临时地
　　the lack of缺乏；没有
　　inventory n.存货， 库存
　　unfortunately adv.不幸地
　　wholesale adj.批发的
　　level off趋向稳定
　　at auction拍卖
　　for a while暂时
　　retail price零售价
　　at some point在某一时刻
　　account for(数量或比例上) 占
　　depreciate v.贬值；跌价
　　shoot up迅速增加；激增
　　timing n.(事情发生或计划安排的)特定时间
　　spike v迅速升值；急剧增值
　　sought-after adj.受欢迎的
　　resume v.重新开始；(中断后)继续
　　to be sure诚然；的确
　　good value钱花得值

　　好，今天的题源报刊暂时学到这，我们回归到考研英语历年真题中的阅读我们更要细致，认真，再细致的对待，毕竟属于唯一，参考价值极高，绝对不能浪费！